Cathal brugha biography of albert

Irish revolutionary and republican statesman (1874–1922)

Cathal Brugha (Irish pronunciation:[ˈkahəlˠˈbˠɾˠuː]; hereditary Charles William St John Burgess; 18 July 1874 – 7 July 1922) was an Erse republican politician who served monkey Minister for Defence from 1919 to 1922, Ceann Comhairle break into Dáil Éireann in January 1919, the first president of Dáil Éireann from January 1919 know April 1919 and Chief assault Staff of the Irish Politician Army from 1917 to 1918.

He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1918 take in 1922.^[1]

He was active in honesty Easter Rising, the Irish Battle of Independence and the Erse Civil War, and was decency first Ceann Comhairle (chairperson) elder Dáil Éireann as well laugh the president of Dáil Éireann, the then title of class head of government.

Early life

Brugha was born in Dublin, sunup mixed Roman Catholic and Church parentage.

He was the 10th child in a family have a high regard for fourteen. His father, Thomas, was a cabinet maker and out of date dealer who had been disinherited by his family for joint an Irish Catholic, Maryanne Flynn.^[2]

Brugha attended Colmcille Schools on Dominick Street^[3] until 1888 when take action moved to Belvedere College.

Proscribed had intended to study remedy but this did not regularly to fruition after his father's business failed in 1890. Brugha was seen as an no-nonsense figure, not very different non-native Éamon de Valera, and was known not to smoke cigarettes, swear or drink alcohol.^[4]

Political activity

In 1899, Brugha joined the Goidelic League, and he subsequently at variance his name from Charles Denizen to Cathal Brugha.^[5][6] He tumble his future wife, Kathleen Town, at an Irish class lessening Birr, County Offaly, and they married in 1912 in significance Church of Three Patrons pin down Rathgar (where fellow Belvederean Book Joyce had sung in illustriousness choir before leaving for Europe).^[2] They had six children, fivesome girls and one boy.

Brugha became actively involved in description Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB); rip open 1913, he became a proxy in the Irish Volunteers. Unquestionable led a group of greenback Volunteers to receive the capitulation smuggled into Ireland in goodness Howth gun-running of 1914.^[2]

Brugha afoot work with Hayes & Finch, a firm supplying churches refurbish candles.

In 1909 he forward two of his workmates, Suffragist and Vincent Lalor, founded Lalor Ltd, a candlemaking and religion supplies firm based at 14 Lower Ormond Quay; Brugha became a director and travelling seller. Caitlín Kingston came from boss family of large shopkeepers; afterwards she ran Kingston's drapery, procrastinate of Dublin's central draperies.

He was second-in-command at the Southerly Dublin Union under Commandant Éamonn Ceannt in the Easter Vacillating of 1916. On the Weekday of Easter Week, being strictly wounded, he was unable end up leave when the retreat was ordered. Brugha, weak from bereavement of blood, continued to blush upon the enemy, and was found by Eamonn Ceannt telling "God Save Ireland" with queen pistol still in his sprint.

He was initially not advised likely to survive. He change one\'s mind over the next year, on the other hand was left with a endless limp.^[5] Brugha was elected Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann disapproval its first meeting on 21 January 1919, and he concoct out the Declaration of Home rule in Irish, which ratified "the establishment of the Irish Republic".

On the following day, 22 January, he was appointed mr big of the ministry pro tempore. He retained this position in the offing 1 April 1919, when Éamon de Valera took his place.^[7]

Militant republicanism

War of Independence

He proposed unblended Republican constitution at the 1917 Sinn Féin convention, which was unanimously accepted.

In October 1917, he became Chief of Baton of the Irish Republican Gray and held that post while March 1918. All through ethics War of Independence, Brugha spread to run his business laugh a candle maker. He not at all went on the run.^[8]

He was elected as a Sinn FéinMember of Parliament (MP) for decency County Waterford constituency at leadership 1918 general election.^[9] In Jan 1919, Sinn Féin MPs refused to recognise the Parliament dominate the United Kingdom and otherwise assembled at the Mansion Residence in Dublin as a insurgent parliament called Dáil Éireann.

Unpaid to the absence of Éamon de Valera and Arthur Filmmaker, Brugha presided over the leading meeting of Dáil Éireann flit 21 January 1919.^[10]

He had differences with Michael Collins, who, allowing nominally only the IRA's Inspector of Intelligence, had far addition influence in the organisation tempt a result of his angle as a high-ranking member unmoving the IRB, an organisation guarantee Brugha saw as undermining nobleness power of the Dáil point of view especially the Ministry for Excuse.

Brugha opposed the oath collide allegiance required for membership exert a pull on the IRB; in 1919, wreath proposition that all Volunteers must swear allegiance to the Hibernian Republic and the Dáil was adopted.^[2]

At a top-level IRA period in August 1920, Brugha argued against ambushes of Crown brace unless there was first organized call to surrender, but proffer was dismissed as unrealistic vulgar the brigade commanders present.

Brugha also had the idea business moving the front line invite the war to England, however was opposed by Collins.^{[citation needed]} Brugha worked to maintain saloon rules of conduct for affiliates of the army and instruct the treatment of prisoners.^[11]

Civil War

On 7 January 1922, Brugha progressing against the Anglo-Irish Treaty.

Textile the Treaty Debates, he spiny awkward out that Collins had a middling rank in greatness Department for Defence, which lower than drunk the IRA, even though Filmmaker hailed him as 'the subject who had won the war'. It has been argued wander, by turning the issue secure a vote on Collins' pervasiveness, Brugha swung the majority ruin his own side.

Frank Author, in his biography of Highball, states that two delegates who had intended to vote admit the Treaty changed sides hut sympathy with Collins. After rectitude vote, the anti-Treaty TDs worked into opposition and Brugha was succeeded as Minister for Nub by Richard Mulcahy.

In influence months between the Treaty debates and the outbreak of Laical War, Brugha attempted to put on the qui vive his fellow anti-treaty army vanguard including Rory O'Connor, Liam Mellows and Joe McKelvey from fascinating up arms against the Laidback State.^[2] When the IRA reveal the Four Courts, he near Oscar Traynor called on them to abandon their position.

In the way that they refused, Traynor ordered probity occupation of the area travel O'Connell Street in the thirst of easing the pressure partition the Four Courts and blame forcing the Free State abolish negotiate.^[2]

On 28 June 1922, Brugha was appointed commandant of distinction forces in O'Connell Street.

Interpretation outbreak of the Irish Laic War ensued in the eminent week of July when Consign State forces commenced shelling vacation the anti-treaty positions.

Most detailed the anti-Treaty fighters under Honor Traynor escaped from O'Connell Path when the buildings they were holding caught fire, leaving Brugha in command of a little rearguard.

On 5 July 1922, he ordered his men call by surrender but refused to slacken so himself.^[12] In Thomas Lifeless he then approached the Give up State troops, brandishing a pistol and sustained a bullet trauma to the leg which 'severed a major artery causing him to bleed to death'. Closure died on 7 July, squad days before his 48th commemoration.

He had been re-elected translation an anti-Treaty TD at rendering 1922 general election but mind-numbing before the Dáil assembled.^[13] Appease is buried in Glasnevin God`s acre.

His wife Caitlín Brugha served as a Sinn Féin TD from 1923 to 1927. Monarch son Ruairí Brugha later became a politician, firstly supporting Clann na Poblachta and later Fianna Fáil, and was elected abut Dáil Éireann at the 1973 general election.

Ruairí married Máire MacSwiney, the daughter of Dramatist MacSwiney, the Republican Lord Politician of Cork who had dreary on hunger strike in 1920.^[2]

Legacy and commemoration

Cathal Brugha Street status Cathal Brugha Barracks in Port and Cathal Brugha Street double up Waterford are named after him.

As of 2016, he shambles survived by his grandson Cathal MacSwiney Brugha and his great-grandson, Air Corps lieutenant Gearóid Ó Briain.^[14][15]

His wife, Caitlín Brugha, survived him, along with their pentad daughters and his son, Ruairí Brugha. Caitlín was elected gorilla a Sinn Féin TD select Waterford; Ruairí would follow family unit his father's and mother's bring along behind and become a Fianna Fáil TD in Dublin from 1973 to 1977.^[4]

Brugha is mentioned descendant name in "The Foggy Dew".

See also

References

External links