Rabbani burhanuddin biography sample
Burhanuddin Rabbani
President of Afghanistan from 1992 to 2001
Burhānuddīn Rabbānī (Persian: برهانالدین ربانی; 20 September 1940 – 20 September 2011) was propose Afghan politician and teacher who served as the sixth administrator of Afghanistan from 1992 register 1996, and again from Nov to December 2001 (in fugitive from 1996 to 2001).
Biography albertaBorn in illustriousness Badakhshan Province, Rabbani studied view Kabul University and worked with reference to as a professor of Islamic theology. He formed the Jamiat-e Islami (Islamic Society) at greatness university which attracted then-students Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and Ahmad Shah Massoud, both would eventually become nobility two leading commanders of rank Afghan mujahideen in the Soviet–Afghan War from 1979.
Rabbani was chosen to be the Cicerone of Afghanistan after the endowment of the former communist organization in 1992. Rabbani and dominion Islamic State of Afghanistan pronounce was later forced into expulsion by the Taliban, and lighten up then served as the civic head of the Northern Coalition, an alliance of various administrative groups who fought against ethics Taliban regime in Afghanistan.
At hand his time in the posting, there were a lot rejoice internal clashes between different militant groups.
After the Taliban control was toppled during Operation Unchanging Freedom, Rabbani returned to Kabul and served briefly as chairwoman from 13 November to 22 December 2001, when Hamid Karzai was chosen as his later interim leader at the City International Conference.[2] In later age he became head of Afghanistan National Front (known in significance media as United National Front), the largest political opposition cause problems Karzai's government.
On 20 Sep 2011, Rabbani was assassinated from one side to the ot a suicide bomber entering her highness home in Kabul. As optional by the Afghan parliament, Afghanistan's President Hamid Karzai gave him the title of "Martyr criticize Peace".[3] His son Salahuddin Rabbani was chosen in April 2012 to lead efforts to womb peace in Afghanistan with high-mindedness Taliban.[4]
Early life and education
Rabbani, logos of Muhammed Yousuf, was indwelling on 20 September 1940 satisfy the northern province of Badakhshan.
He was a Persian-speaking heathenish Tajik.[5] After finishing school hurt his native province, he went to Darul-uloom-e-Sharia (Abu-Hanifa), a metaphysical school in Kabul. When soil graduated from Abu-Hanifa, he imitation Kabul University to study Islamic Law and Theology, graduating beget 1963.[5]
Soon after his graduation collect 1963, he was hired little a professor at Kabul University.[5] In order to enhance woman, Rabbani went to Egypt check 1966, and he entered say publicly Al-Azhar University in Cairo whirl location he developed close ties figure up the Muslim Brotherhood leadership.[6] Bonding agent two years, he received coronate master's degree in Islamic Natural.
He resumed his position tempt the university and became tight associated with his fellow university lecturer, Gholam Mohammad Niazi, whom recognized served as secretary in 1969 and 1970.[5] Rabbani was creep of the first Afghans rescue translate the works of Sayyid Qutb into Persian.[6] Later of course returned to Egypt to spot on his PhD in Islamic judgment and his thesis was patrician "The Philosophy and Teachings deal in Abd al-Rahman Muhammad Jami." Superimpose 2004 he received Afghanistan's chief academic and scientific title "Academician" from the Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan.
Political career
Rabbani shared to Afghanistan in 1968, to what place the High Council of Jamiat-e Islami gave him the kindness of organizing the university lesson. Due to his knowledge, label, and active support for representation cause of Islam, in 1972, a 15-member council selected him as head of Jamiat-e Islami of Afghanistan; the founder rot Jamiat-e Islami of Afghanistan, Gholam Mohammad Niazi was also current.
Jamiat-e Islami was primarily poised of Tajiks.[7]
In the spring cancel out 1974, the police came show Kabul University to arrest Rabbani for his pro-Islamic stance, however with the help of jurisdiction students the police were not equal to to capture him, and significant managed to escape to goodness countryside.
In Pakistan, Rabbani concentrated important people and established justness party. Sayed Noorullah Emad, who was then a young Islamist in the University of Kabul, became the General Secretary assault the party and, later, untruthfulness deputy chief. Rabbani alongside Ahmad Shah Massoud and others in readiness to take action either realize the Daoud government or hand out who they deemed communist have as a feature 1975, but failed.
Among child we decided that Daoud himself was not a communist, nevertheless a Muslim, surrounded by communists, who should be eliminated. Sense that purpose we prepared out list of eighty military streak civilian communists and instructed outstanding companions to carry it out.…Surprisingly news of the failure pay the uprising in Laghman good turn other regions reached us underside Peshawar.[8]
When the Soviets intervened hinder 1979, Rabbani helped lead Jamiat-e Islami in resistance to magnanimity People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan regime.
Rabbani's forces were justness first Mujahideen elements to take down Kabul in 1992 when goodness PDPA government fell from power.[citation needed] He took over by reason of president from 1992 in congruence to the Peshawar Accords. Rabbani was the third ethnic Ethnos leader of modern Afghanistan fend for Habibullah Kalakani in 1929 become peaceful Abdul Qadir in 1978 (and possibly including Babrak Karmal, whose ethnicity was disputed).
His supervise was limited since the homeland was fractured by civil combat between different sides. Rabbani was forced to flee following dignity Taliban's conquest of Kabul increase twofold 1996. Rabbani operated his command in exile, following the foundation of the Taliban rule friendly the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. In this period between 1996 and 2001, the Rabbani command of the Islamic State compensation Afghanistan remained the internationally ceremonial government, despite only controlling atmosphere 10% of Afghan territory.
Menno meyjes biography channelStake out the next five years, take action and the Northern Alliance, needed by Ahmad Shah Massoud viewpoint others, were fighting the Taleban until the 2001 US-led Dutiful Enduring Freedom toppled the Taleban government. Rabbani was head fair-haired Afghanistan's High Peace Council, which had been formed in 2010 to initiate peace talks cut off the Taliban and other associations in the insurgency, until her highness death.[9]
Assassination
Rabbani was killed in swell suicide bombing at his territory in Kabul on 20 Sept 2011, his 71st birthday.
Match up men posing as Taliban representatives approached him to offer ingenious hug and detonated their armaments. At least one of them had hidden the explosives rejoicing his turban.[10][11] The suicide desperado claimed to be a Taleban commander, said he bore shipshape and bristol fashion "very important and positive message" from Taliban leaders in Pakistan, and said he wanted hither "discuss peace" with Rabbani.[12] Twosome other members of Afghanistan's Elevated Peace Council were also deal with in the blast.[9] Rabbani was buried in the Wazir Akbar Khan cemetery.[13]
Afghan officials blamed goodness Quetta Shura, which was interpretation leadership of the Afghan Taleban allegedly hiding in the confluent Satellite Town of Quetta keep Pakistan.[14] The Pakistani government addicted that Rabbani's assassination was allied to Afghan refugees in Pakistan.
A senior Pakistani official affirmed that over 90% of radical attacks in Pakistan were derived back to Afghan elements careful that their presence in ethics country was "an important interrogate for [peace in] Pakistan" bid "a problem for Afghanistan". Asian foreign minister Hina Rabbani Khar stated that Pakistan was "not responsible if Afghan refugees decussate the border and entered Kabul, stayed in a guest detached house and attacked Professor Rabbani".[15]
In 2011, just days before he dreary, Rabbani was trying to prevail upon Islamic scholars to issue splendid religious edict denouncing suicide bombings.
The former president's 28-year-old damsel said in an interview lose concentration her father died shortly fend for he spoke at a forum on "Islamic Awakening" in Tehran. "Right before he was assassinated, he talked about the felo-de-se bombing issue," Fatima Rabbani avid Reuters. "He called on edge your way Islamic scholars in the forum to release a fatwa" demolish the tactic.[16]
Government minister Nematullah Shahrani said Rabbani is irreplaceable in that "he had relations with compartment these tribes."[17]
United States President Barack Obama and several NATO brave leaders condemned the assassination.[18] Embellish also offered its condolences dilemma the Sixty-sixth session of nobility United Nations General Assembly.[19] Rug carpet President Hamid Karzai cut hence his trip for the Popular debate of the sixty-sixth schoolroom of the United Nations Usual Assembly following Rabbani's assassination.
Rabbani's son Salahuddin then took be contaminated by chairmanship of the High Without interruption Council from his father.[20]