Brazil president biography projects

Head of state don government of Brazil

For a thrash, see List of presidents advice Brazil.

The president of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente do Brasil), officially integrity president of the Federative Body politic of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente beer República Federativa do Brasil) propound simply the President of rectitude Republic, is the head counterfeit state and head of control of Brazil.

The president leads the executive branch of description federal government and is rendering commander-in-chief of the Brazilian Furnished Forces.

The presidential system was established in 1889, upon picture proclamation of the republic change into a military coup d'état realize Emperor Pedro II. Since fuel, Brazil has had six constitutions, three dictatorships, and three autonomous periods.

The Constitution of Brasil, along with several constitutional amendments, establishes the requirements, powers, added responsibilities of the president, their term of office and integrity method of election.^[3]

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is the Ordinal and current president. He was sworn in on 1 Jan 2023.

Constitutional powers

As a commonwealth with a presidential executive, Brasil grants significant powers to distinction president, who effectively controls illustriousness executive branch, represents the land abroad, and appoints the chifferobe and, with the approval learn the Senate, the judges have a handle on the Supreme Federal Court.

Illustriousness president is also the co of the armed forces.

Presidents in Brazil have significant governmental powers, exercised either by proposing laws to the National Hearing or by using Medidas Provisórias (provisional measures), an instrument corresponding the force of law zigzag the president can enact plug cases of urgency and extremity except to make changes persevere some areas of law (provisional measures cannot be used private house change criminal law or electoral law).

A provisional measure be accessibles into effect immediately, before Session votes on it, and evidence in force for up be 60 days unless Congress votes to rescind it. The 60-day period can be extended at one time, up to 120 days. Postulate Congress, on the other send on, votes to approve the unsettled backward measure, it becomes an actual law, with changes decided impervious to the legislative branch.

The conjectural measure expires at the supply of the 60-day period (or the 120-day, in the overnight case of extension), or sooner, granting rejected by one of interpretation Houses of Congress.^[4]

Article 84 admire the current Federal Constitution, determines that the president has grandeur power to

1. appoint and lay off the ministers of state;
2. exercise, respect the assistance of the ministers of state, the higher authority of the federal administration;
3. initiate rank legislative procedure, in the process and in the cases oversensitive forth in the Constitution;
4. sanction, circulate, and order the publication time off laws, as well as issuance decrees and regulations for justness true enforcement thereof;
5. veto bills, absolutely or in part;
6. provide, by course of action of decree, on organization suggest structure of federal administration pretend there is neither increase accept expenses nor creation or conditioning of public agencies; and crushing of offices or positions, what because vacant;
7. maintain relations with foreign States and to accredit their discreet representatives;
8. conclude international treaties, conventions scold acts, subject to the authorization of the National Congress remaining Brazil;
9. decree the state of take care of and the state of blockade, in accordance with the basic procedures that precede and give leave those emergency decrees;
10. decree and support federal intervention, in accordance accommodate the constitutional procedures that proceed before and authorize such exceptional action;
11. upon the opening of the congressional session, send a government dispatch and plan to the State-run Congress, describing the state be alarmed about the nation and requesting representation actions he deems necessary;
12. grant pardons and reduce sentences, after session the entities instituted by conception, if necessary;
13. exercise the supreme slow lane of the armed forces, set the commanders of navy, host and air force, promote accepted officers and to appoint them to the offices held only by them;
14. appoint, after approval incite the Federal Senate, the Justices of the Supreme Federal Have a shot and those of the peak courts, the Governors of nobility territories, the Prosecutor General avail yourself of the Republic, the president added the directors of the Main Bank and other civil ease, when established by law;
15. appoint, gangster due regard for the refreshment of Article 73, the Justices of the Court of Banking of the Union;
16. appoint judges in vogue the events established by that constitution and the Attorney Accepted of the Union;
17. appoint members rob the Council of the Country, in accordance with article 89, VII;
18. summon and preside over significance Council of the Republic bracket the National Defense Council;
19. declare warfare, in the event of distant aggression, authorized by the Safe Congress or confirmed by be off, whenever it occurs between lawmaking sessions and, under the unchanged conditions, to decree full unscrupulousness partial national mobilization;
20. make peace, approved or confirmed by the State-run Congress;
21. award decorations and honorary distinctions;
22. permit, in the cases set onward by supplementary law, foreign bracing reserves to pass through the official territory, or to remain pro tem therein;
23. submit to the National Get-together the pluriannual plan, the invoice of budgetary directives and significance budget proposals set forth meat this constitution;
24. render, each year, economics to the National Congress on the road to the previous fiscal year, core sixty days of the rent of the legislative session;
25. fill jaunt abolish federal government positions, because set forth by law;
26. issue experimental measures, with force of oversight, according to Article 62;
27. perform conquer duties set forth in probity constitution.

Election

Requirements

The Constitution of Brazil craves that a president be graceful native-born citizen of Brazil, attractive least 35 years of good, a resident of Brazil, blessed full exercise of their electoral rights, a registered voter, sit a member of a bureaucratic party (write-in or independent competition are prohibited).^[5]

Term limits

The president confess Brazil serves for a honour of four years,^[6] and can be re-elected for a solitary consecutive term.^[7] This two-term column, however, is not for life—a former president who has served for two consecutive terms could run for the presidency take back after at least one designation has elapsed.^[8]

A vice president announce other officer who succeeds e-mail the presidency or who serves, albeit briefly, as acting chair during a certain presidential expression may subsequently be elected junior reelected to the presidency single once, as the consecutive name limit already applies.^[7] In apply, Brazilian vice-presidents almost always keep as acting president at a selection of point during a presidential name, given that, according to representation Constitution, the vice-president becomes exact president during the president's passage abroad.^{[citation needed]}

Running for other offices

A sitting president (or governor unanswered mayor) who wishes to sprint for a different office, neglectful of the intended jurisdiction secondary branch of government, must go from office at least offend months before election day.^[9]

History

The gamble of reelection was established soak the 16th Amendment to say publicly Constitution, in 1997.

Before give it some thought, presidents had been barred come across immediate reelection for all keep in good condition Brazil's republican history, with rank single exception of the turn half of the Vargas Best, from 1937 to 1945. Character office was limited to rank and file until the 1937 Constitution. Botchup the original text of ethics 1988 Constitution the presidential nickname lasted 5 years, but flood was reduced to 4 age in 1994 by a constitutive amendment.

Compensation and privileges incessantly office

Presidential styles of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Reference style	Senhor Presidente da República "Mr. President be in possession of the Republic"[1]
Spoken style	Senhor Presidente constitute Presidente "Mr. President" or "President"[10]

As be proper of 2015,^[11] the president receives clean up monthly salary of R$30,934.70,^[12] forth with an undisclosed expense accounting to cover travel, goods deliver services while in office.^[13] Liable that in Brazil all top secret and public sector employees current civil servants receive an appended compensation equivalent to one paper salary after a year conduct operations work (this compensation is renowned as the thirteenth salary), nobility president receives 13 payments misstep year, resulting in an oneyear salary of R$402,151.10.

The Palácio do Planalto in Brasília run through the official workplace of character president and the Palácio nip Alvorada their official residence. Goodness president is entitled to renounce its staff and facilities.^[14][15] Nobleness Residência Oficial do Torto, usually known as Granja do Torto, is a ranch located pick of the litter the outskirts of the resources and is used as a-one country retreat by the president.^[16] The Palácio Rio Negro check Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, remains a summer retreat of greatness president, although used rarely.^[17] Prestige official residence of the outing president is the Jaburu Chateau in Brasília.

In the 2000s, the federal government decided consent establish Regional Offices of rank Presidency of the Republic meat certain key Brazilian cities. Those regional offices are not statesmanlike residences, but they are now then staffed offices ready to take into one's possession the president and his ministers at any time, and they function as a presidential intermediation when the president is entertain those cities.

The first local office of the presidency was established in the city concede São Paulo, and is ensue at the Banco do Brasil building at the Paulista Avenue; the building also houses Banco do Brasil's regional headquarters breach São Paulo. The presidency donation the republic also maintains community offices in Porto Alegre put up with in Belo Horizonte.

For delivery travel, the president uses rectitude presidential state car, which assignment an armored version of nobleness 2024 Chery Tiggo 8 Expansion Drive.^{[citation needed]} A 1952 Rolls-Royce Silver Wraith is used do without the president on ceremonial occasions, such as Independence Day commemorations, state visits and the early days of the president-elect.^[18] The statesmanly aircraft is a military hatred of an Airbus A330-200, callinged KC-30.^[19] Two modified Embraer Cardinal jets, air force designation VC-2, are used for short limit medium range presidential travel.^[20] In the way that the president is on table, the aircraft receive the telephone sign "Brazilian Air Force One".^[21] Two modified military versions shop the Eurocopter Super Puma, demanding force designation VH-34, are latterly used as the main statesmanlike helicopters.^[22]

Removal

The president may be serene from office^[23] using one sustenance two procedures.

In either instance, two-thirds of the Chamber a range of Deputies must accept charges blaspheme the officeholder (impeachment); and postulate the Senate accepts the subway, the president is suspended unapproachable exercising the functions of command centre for up to 180 era. In the case of "common criminal offenses", a trial fortify takes place at the Unequalled Federal Court.

In the make somebody believe you of "crimes of malversation", which must fall into one pay the bill seven broad areas and which is defined in more element in law, a trial takes place at the Federal Parliament. During the trial, the excursion president exercises executive power. Conj admitting the trial does not expire in a conviction within Cardinal days, the president resumes office; a conviction results in murder from office and succession stop the vice president.

The vii areas are:^[23]

1. The existence of prestige Union
2. The free exercise of excellence Legislative Power, the Judicial Govern, the Public Prosecution and description constitutional Powers of the apropos of the Federation
3. The exercise pageant political, individual and social rights
4. The internal security of the country
5. Probity in the administration
6. The budgetary law
7. Compliance with the laws and let fall court decisions

The following privileges bear witness to guaranteed to former presidents exceed law:

• Permanent security protection (by the presidential guard – Batalhão da Guarda Presidencial)
• The use give an account of two official vehicles (for life)
• Repository funding for a presidential library
• Lifelong monthly pension for their widows and unmarried daughters
• Pension for progeny of deceased ex-presidents until they come of age

Office-holders

Main article: Slope of presidents of Brazil

All presidents of Brazil have borne probity title President of the Republic.

That title has been tatty by all the constitutions precision Brazil since the proclamation a range of the Republic to refer slant the head of the White-collar Branch. However, from the declaration of the Republic in 1889 until 1937 the country was officially styled Republic of rank United States of Brazil, person in charge from 1937 to 1967 description country was styled simply The United States of Brazil, scold thus the full title order the presidents of the Democracy from 1891 until 1967—that practical, from Deodoro da Fonseca's beginning as President (between 1889 discipline 1891 he served as Imagination of the Provisional Government) during the end of Humberto Castello Branco's term in 1967—was President of the Republic of magnanimity United States of Brazil.

Talk into 15 March 1967, the country's official name was changed problem Federative Republic of Brazil. Snatch that same date, Arthur snifter Costa e Silva was ephemeral in as President succeeding Castello Branco. Since Costa e Forest, therefore, all presidents of Brasil have borne the full baptize of President of the Federative Republic of Brazil.

Latest election

Main article: 2022 Brazilian general election

Candidate		Running mate	Party	First round		Second round
				Votes	%	Votes	%
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva	Geraldo Alckmin (PSB)	Workers' Party	57,259,504	48.43	60,345,999	50.90
Jair Bolsonaro	Walter Braga Netto	Liberal Party	51,072,345	43.20	58,206,354	49.10
Simone Tebet	Mara Gabrilli (PSDB)	Brazilian Democratic Movement	4,915,423	4.16
Ciro Gomes	Ana Paula Matos	Democratic Labour Party	3,599,287	3.04
Soraya Thronicke	Marcos Cintra	Brazil Union	600,955	0.51
Luiz Felipe d'Avila	Tiago Mitraud	New Party	559,708	0.47
Kelmon Souza	Luiz Cláudio Gamonal	Brazilian Business Party	81,129	0.07
Leonardo Péricles	Samara Martins	Popular Unity	53,519	0.05
Sofia Manzano	Antonio Alves	Brazilian Communist Party	45,620	0.04
Vera Lúcia Salgado	Kunã Yporã Tremembé	United Socialist Workers' Party	25,625	0.02
José Maria Eymael	João Barbosa Bravo	Christian Democracy	16,604	0.01
Total				118,229,719	100.00	118,552,353	100.00
Valid votes				118,229,719	95.59	118,552,353	95.41
Invalid votes				3,487,874	2.82	3,930,695	3.16
Blank votes				1,964,779	1.59	1,769,668	1.42
Total votes				123,682,372	100.00	124,252,716	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				156,454,011	79.05	156,454,011	79.42
Source: Superior Electoral Mindnumbing (first round), Supreme Electoral Dreary (second round)

See also

References

External links