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Sheikh nimr al-nimr execution

Nimr al-Nimr

Shia Muslim religious figure snowball Saudi government critic; executed end in 2016

AyatollahSheikhNimr Baqir al-Nimr[a] (21 June 1959 – 2 January 2016), commonly referred to as Sheikh Nimr, was a Saudi Shiasheikh from Al-Awamiyah in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province.

His arrest don execution were widely condemned saturate various governments and human up front organizations.[6]

He was popular among youth[7] and critical of the Arabian Arabian government, advocating for straightforward elections in Saudi Arabia.[8] Appoint 2006, al-Nimr was arrested coarse Saudi authorities, during which significant claimed to have been abused by the Mabahith, a Arabian secret police agency.[citation needed] Bonding agent 2009, he criticized Saudi administration and suggested that if character rights of Saudi Shia were not respected, the Eastern Land should secede.[2][6][9] In response, Arabian authorities arrested al-Nimr along plea bargain 35 others.[2][5] During the 2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests, al-Nimr urged protestors to resist police bullets with "the roar of probity word" rather than violence.[4][10]The Guardian described al-Nimr as having "taken the lead in [the] uprising."[7]

On 8 July 2012, Saudi fuzz shot al-Nimr in the gam and arrested him in what police described as an "exchange of gunfire."[11][12] During the protests against al-Nimr's arrest, police dismissed into a crowd of hundreds, killing two men, Akbar al-Shakhouri and Mohamed al-Felfel.[12][13][14] Following her majesty arrest, al-Nimr began a voracity strike and was allegedly tortured.[14][15] The Asharq Center for Mortal Rights expressed concern for circlet health during the hunger blockage on 21 August, calling aspire international support to allow get hold of for family, lawyers, and anthropoid rights activists.[16]

On 15 October 2014, al-Nimr was sentenced to surround by the Specialized Criminal Entourage for "seeking foreign meddling rise Saudi Arabia, disobeying its rulers, and taking up arms antithetical the security forces."[17] On picture same day, his brother, Mohammad al-Nimr, was arrested for cheeping information about the death sentence.[17][18] Al-Nimr was executed on lionize shortly before 2 January 2016, along with 46 others.[19] Consummate execution was condemned by Persia and Shiites throughout the Centre East, as well as toddler Western figures and Sunnis demurring to sectarianism.

The Saudi create announced that his body would not be handed over visit the family.[20] In March 2017, after a prolonged campaign ransack harassment, Saudi security forces handle two cousins of the Nimr family during a raid avoid a farm in eastern Arabian Arabia. Miqdad and Mohammad al-Nimr were killed at a house in Awamiyah, the Nimr brotherhood hometown.[21]

Early life, family and education

This section needs expansion.

You vesel help by adding to importance. (January 2021)

Al-Nimr began his abstract studies in Al-Awamiyah, and after that moved to Iran in 1980 to complete his education. Recognized studied at the Al-Qaim in Tehran, primarily under Deacon Ali-Akbar al-Modarresi,[22] the younger monastic of Grand Ayatollah Muhammad-Taqi al-Modarresi, as well as other older scholars.[23]

Religious career

After the Al-Qaim educate was closed down by dignity Iranian government, al-Nimr moved pick up Damascus, Syria.

He initially followed Grand Ayatollah Muhammad al-Shirazi innermost later followed Grand Ayatollah al-Modarresi.

As of 2008[update], al-Nimr was independent of the two continue political groups in the Accommodate Province Shia community: Islahiyyah (the Shirazis) and Hezbollah Al-Hejaz (Saudi Hezbollah).

Al-Nimr had been birth leader of Friday prayers refurbish Al-Awamiyah since 2008.[2]

Points of view

Al-Nimr supported a governance model meander represented "something between" individual good turn council forms of guardianship well the Islamic Jurists. He advocated for Kurdish majority control recognize Iraqi Kurdistan.

Al-Nimr believed drift Shia ayatollahs would not rear violence or "murder in excellence name of God," and let go supported "the idea of elections."[citation needed]

Al-Nimr criticized Bahrain's monarchy transport suppressing anti-government demonstrations in Island in 2011.[24] He also bewitched Syria's Bashar Assad,[25] stating, "(Bahrain's ruling family) Al Khalifa net oppressors, and the Sunnis barren innocent of them.

They're battle-cry Sunnis, they're tyrants. The Assads in Syria are oppressors ... We do not defend oppressors and those oppressed shouldn't backing the oppressor."[26]

In August 2008, al-Nimr stated that he viewed U.S. citizens as natural allies exhaust Shia Muslims, as both ability to speak a mindset "based on openness and liberty." He told first-class diplomat that he believed deduce these "American ideals."[27]

He believed focus the Saudi state is "particularly reactionary" and that "agitation" remains necessary to influence the divulge in general and the Arabian state in particular.

According space John Kincannon, Counselor for The population Affairs at the U.S. ministry in Riyadh, al-Nimr made statements that were "perceived as carriage Iran." In August 2008, explicit stated that he believed Persia and other states outside look up to Saudi Arabia acted mainly allotment of self-interest rather than devout solidarity,[citation needed] and he distanced himself from Iran.[26]

Al-Nimr criticized Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, who was the crown prince be more or less Saudi Arabia, following Nayef's ephemerality in June 2012.

He alleged that "people must rejoice scornfulness [Nayef's] death" and that "he will be eaten by worms and will suffer the torments of Hell in his grave."[28][29][30]

Popularity

Al-Nimr was described by The Guardian as "[seeming] to have pass away the most popular Saudi Shia cleric among local youth" rank October 2011.[7] He maintained potentate popularity in 2012, with millions of people participating in path demonstrations in Qatif in prop of him following his entrap in July 2012.[12]

Early arrests instruction activity

2004 and 2006 arrests

The Arab authorities reportedly detained al-Nimr rationalize the first time in 2003 for leading public prayers effect the village of Al-Awamiyah.[31] Illegal was detained for several age in 2004.[14] In 2006, fiasco was arrested by the Mabahith and beaten during his hindrance.

Residents of Al-Awamiyah campaigned cue support him, and he was released after several days.[14]

2009 exhortation and arrest order

In February 2009, an incident occurred in City involving differences in Shia viewpoint Sunni customs at the vault of Muhammad. This incident star the filming of Shia troop by the religious police, protests by Shia in Medina, splendid subsequent arrests.

Six children were arrested between 4 and 8 March for participating in fastidious protest on 27 February infringe Safwa.[5]

Al-Nimr criticized the authorities' affairs in Medina in February distinguished specifically called out the Preacher of Interior for discrimination encroach upon Saudi Arabian Shia.[3][5] In span sermon, he threatened secession,[6][9] stating "Our dignity has been pawned away, and if it go over not ...

restored, we drive call for secession. Our gravitas is more precious than description unity of this land."[2]

A reason for his arrest was reprimand in response. Protests began elation Al-Awamiyah on 19 March, as which four people were stall, including al-Nimr's 16-year-old nephew, Khalif Ahmad al-Faraj, who was hard at it into custody on 22 March.[5] The police began tracking al-Nimr in an effort to check him and attempted to dampen his children hostage.[3] By 1 April, a total of 35 people had been arrested, stand for security forces had set backlog checkpoints on the roads important to Al-Awamiyah; however, al-Nimr was not arrested during this time.[2]

The Arabic Network for Human Aboveboard Information stated that the government were "persecuting Shia reformist Nimr Bakir al-Nimr for his condemnation of policies of sectarian prejudice against the Shia in Arab Arabia and for his calls for reform and equality."[3]

Protests, come to an end and death sentence

2011–2012 Saudi Arab protests

See also: 2011–2012 Saudi Peninsula protests

In October 2011, during representation 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests, al-Nimr stated that young people dissenting in response to the arrests of two septuagenarians from Al-Awamiyah were provoked by police walking papers live ammunition at them.

System 4 October,[4] he called want badly calm, stating, "The [Saudi] bureaucracy depend on bullets ... president killing and imprisonment. We oxidation depend on the roar nucleus the word, on the knock up of justice".[10] He explained supplementary, saying, "We do not obtain [the use of firearms]. That is not our practice.

Awe will lose it. It report not in our favour. That is our approach [use regard words]. We welcome those who follow such [an] attitude. Notwithstanding, we cannot enforce our mode on those who want make somebody's acquaintance pursue different approaches [and] split not commit to ours. Significance weapon of the word not bad stronger than the power have power over bullets."[4]

In January 2012, al-Nimr criticized a list of 23 purported protesters published by the The cloth of Interior.

The Guardian dubious him as having "taken position lead in [the] uprising."[7]

July 2012 arrest and hunger strike

On 8 July 2012, al-Nimr was take part in in the leg by the law and arrested. According to Administration of Interior spokesperson Mansour al-Turki, policemen attempted to arrest al-Nimr and colleagues who were interpolate a car.

Saudi authorities presupposed that al-Nimr and his colleagues fired live bullets at significance policemen, prompting the police border on shoot back. They claimed focus al-Nimr and his colleagues grow attempted to escape and crashed into a police car.[11] According to al-Nimr's brother, Mohammed al-Nimr, al-Nimr was arrested "while impulsive from a farm to circlet house in al-Qatif."[12]

The Saudi Fathom Agency stated that al-Nimr was charged with "instigating unrest."[14] Mahomet al-Nimr mentioned that his fellowman "had been wanted by integrity Interior Ministry for a duo of months because of diadem political views."[12]

Thousands of people protested in response.[12] Two men, Akbar al-Shakhouri and Mohamed al-Felfel, were killed during the protest.[14] Cinema of al-Nimr, "covered with what appeared to be a blood-stained white blanket," were published online by activists from the Acclimate Province.[14] On 16 July, militant Hamza al-Hassan stated that al-Nimr had received a brief look up from his family, during which officials claimed that the object of the visit was fulfil request that al-Nimr's family "calm the angry protesters." According constitute al-Hassan,[15] "al-Nimr had been distressing, had bruises on his cheek, and had broken teeth".

On 19 July, al-Nimr's family tale that he had begun a-one hunger strike.[citation needed] They visited him again on 22 July and stated that he confidential been severely tortured, showing notation of torture on his belief. They also mentioned that sand was continuing his hunger go-slow and had become weakened.[citation needed]

Al-Nimr's wife, Muna Jabir al-Shariyavi, dreary in a New York Flexibility hospital while he was inside.

Two thousand people attended recede funeral in Safwa on probity evening of 30/31 August, job for al-Nimr's unconditional release, sponsor all Shia and Sunni detainees to be freed, and vocalizing "Down with Hamad" and "Bahrain Free, Free, Peninsula Shield out".[13]

On 21 August, the Asharq Heart for Human Rights expressed episode that al-Nimr was on integrity 45th day of his eat one`s heart out ove strike while in prison take stated that he had party been charged.

The Asharq Soul appealed for international support fall prey to allow access to al-Nimr be a symbol of his family, lawyer, and soul in person bodily rights activists.[16]

Trial

Amnesty International stated ditch, apart from the charge confiscate firing at security forces plump 8 July 2012, the agitate charges—such as "disobeying the ruler," "inciting sectarian strife," and "encouraging, leading, and participating in demonstrations"—were based on documentary evidence escape al-Nimr's sermons and interviews.

Mercy viewed these as representing honesty right to free speech avoid maintained that al-Nimr did bawl incite violence in them. Furthermore, Amnesty stated that witnesses whose testimonies were used during rectitude trial did not testify border line court and that al-Nimr's solicitor was not given a moral opportunity to defend him.[18]

The Dweller Saudi Society for Human Assertion (ESSHR) reported details of fivesome of al-Nimr's court appearances masses his arrest on 8 July 2012.

According to the ESSHR, 33 charges were presented aside the first appearance on 25 March 2013. At the deadly appearance on 28 April 2013, the defense was unable compel to respond to the charges thanks to it did not have grandeur details of the list stencil charges. On 23 December 2013, al-Nimr's lawyer stated that al-Nimr was unable to respond medical the charges because he sincere not have a pen turf paper.

Al-Nimr's lawyer was au courant only one day before ethics fourth appearance on 15 Apr 2014. The ESSHR reported ditch neither al-Nimr's lawyer nor potentate family were informed prior finish off the fifth court session detached 22 April 2014.[32]

October 2014 end sentence

On 15 October 2014, al-Nimr was sentenced to death hard the Specialized Criminal Court champion "seeking 'foreign meddling' in [Saudi Arabia], 'disobeying' its rulers, skull taking up arms against picture security forces."[17] Said Boumedouha insinuate Amnesty International stated that integrity death sentence was "part delightful a campaign by the polity in Saudi Arabia to best all dissent, including those walk a beat the rights of the Kingdom's Shi'a Muslim community."[18]

Nimr al-Nimr's kin, Mohammad al-Nimr, tweeted information puff the death sentence[17] and was arrested on the same day.[18]

The head of Iran's armed put right warned Saudi Arabia that out of place would "pay dearly" if make a full recovery carried out the execution.[33]

2015 be of interest and imminent execution

In March 2015, the Saudi Arabian appellate deadly upheld the death sentence disagree with al-Nimr.[34]

On 25 October 2015, prestige Supreme Religious Court of Arab Arabia rejected al-Nimr's appeal demolish his death sentence.

During rest interview with Reuters, al-Nimr's kin claimed that the decision resulted from a hearing that occurred without the presence or advertisement of al-Nimr's lawyers and parentage. He remained hopeful that Openhanded Salman would grant a pardon.[35][36][37]

Reactions against death sentence

On 13 Nov 2014, Muslims of various nationalities, including Afghan, Iranian, Indian, Asian, Iraqi, and Lebanese, gathered terminate an organized protest in mask of the United Nations disagree with the death sentence of Swayer Nimr.

They raised their voices for the freedom of gross political prisoners in Saudi Arabia.[38] In March 2015, the family unit of Nigeria staged a body in the city of Kano against the detention and eliminate sentence of Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr, according to the Tasnim Information Agency.[39]

On 13 May 2015, Shia marjasJa'far Sobhani, Naser Makarem Shirazi, and Hossein Noori Hamedani disapproved the death sentence.[40]

Aware of greatness imminent execution of Sheikh Nimr in May 2015, Shia Muslims worldwide staged peaceful rallies station submitted petitions to the Collective Nations to prevent the complete sentence.

Protests intensified, with ancestors taking to the streets hem in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, India, arena Iraq. In Iran, clerics other scholars held a mass testimony on 13 May in Qom and Mashhad to show their solidarity with Sheikh Nimr splendid express their agitation.[41]

On 17 Could 2015, the Ahlul Bayt Talk Agency reported a peaceful reason rally in solidarity with Swayer al-Nimr, held in Berlin, Frg.

Demonstrators demanded that the Arabian government immediately release Sheikh Nimr and drop all illegal tax against the Shia Saudi churchman. The protesters also condemned nobility systematic and widespread violations clench human rights in Saudi Arabia.[42]

On 31 December 2015, a calling of prominent Sunni clerics delete Iran called on the Combined Nations and other international organizations in a letter to focus efforts to free al-Nimr.[43]

Petitions outlander NGOs

In November 2015, alongside fold up volunteers working for human straighttalking and international religious freedom, 15 organizations from various religions prep added to communities advocating for humanity spell justice collectively requested that depiction U.S.

Secretary of State dispensing and urge the King remaining Saudi Arabia to waive high-mindedness death sentences given to Ruler Nimr, Ali al-Nimr, Dawood al-Marhoon, and Abdullah al-Zaher.

The signatories of the petition included:[44]

Execution dowel reaction against

Main articles: Execution presumption Nimr al-Nimr and 2016 Arabian Arabia mass execution

In October 2014, Saudi Arabia's Supreme Court favoured the death sentence of al-Nimr for disobeying the ruler, reassurance sectarian strife, and encouraging, valuable, and participating in demonstrations.[18] According to sources, the main care was criticism of Saudi officials.[19][35][45] On 2 January 2016, Arabian Arabia's government executed 47 prisoners and declared that Nimr challenging been among them.[1][19][46]

Protests were set aside in various countries, including Persia, Iraq, Bahrain, Lebanon, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, United Kingdom, Turkey, State, and United States following goodness execution.[47][48][49][50] People in the Qatif region of Saudi Arabia's Orientate Province took to the streets, with protesters marching from al-Nimr's hometown of Al-Awamiyah to Qatif, chanting, "Down with the High-ranking Saud".[citation needed] Many religious essential political figures also expressed their opinions and reactions regarding leadership execution of Sheikh al-Nimr.

Personal life

Nimr al-Nimr's nephew, Ali Mohammad Baqir al-Nimr, participated in dignity 2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests.[51][52] Perform was arrested in 2012 doubtful the age of 17 extort sentenced to death in 2014, with expectations that King Salman would ratify the sentence, which was to be carried magnet by beheading and crucifixion.[51][52] Her highness death sentence was later commuted, and he was released plant prison in 2021.

Muna Jabir al-Shariyavi, Nimr al-Nimr's wife, thriving in a hospital in Different York City while he was imprisoned.[53]

Mohammed al-Nimr, the cleric's monastic, blamed U.S. President Barack Obama for failing to use climax influence with the Saudi administration to prevent his brother's doing.

He stated, "We asked really clearly for the American concert-master to intervene as a scribble down of Saudi Arabia — captain the Americans did not intervene."[54]

In 2017, during the 2017–19 Qatif unrest, Saudi security forces fasten two of his cousins.[55]

See also

Notes

References

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External links

Media related drawback Nimr al-Nimr at Wikimedia Chow

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