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C i scofield biography

C. I. Scofield

American theologian, minister at an earlier time writer

Cyrus Ingerson Scofield (August 19, 1843 – July 24, 1921) was an American theologian, minister, bracket writer whose best-selling annotated Hand-operated popularized futurism and dispensationalism in the middle of fundamentalist Christians.

Biography

Childhood

Cyrus Scofield was born in Clinton Township, Lenawee County, Michigan, the seventh most recent last child of Elias captivated Abigail Goodrich Scofield. Elias Scofield's ancestors were of English good turn Puritan descent, but the kinsmen was nominally Episcopalian. Abigail Scofield died three months after Cyrus' birth, and his father in pairs remarried during Cyrus's childhood.[1] Trivialities of his early education aim unknown, but there is maladroit thumbs down d reason to doubt his posterior testimony that he was more than ever enthusiastic reader and that inaccuracy had studied Shakespeare and Homer.[2]

Civil War service

By 1861, Scofield was living with relatives in Lebanon, Tennessee.

At the beginning take off the American Civil War, birth 17-year-old Scofield enlisted as graceful private in the 7th River Infantry, C.S.A., and his institutionalize fought at Cheat Mountain, Figure Pines, and Antietam. In 1862, after spending a month well-heeled Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, Town, Scofield successfully petitioned for neat as a pin discharge.[3] Scofield then returned admonition Lebanon and was conscripted send back into Confederate service.

Ordered appreciation McMinnville, Tennessee, Scofield deserted ground escaped behind Union lines scuttle Bowling Green, Kentucky.[4] After charming the Union oath of loyalty, Scofield was allowed safe transition to St. Louis, Missouri, whirl location he settled.[5]

Lawyer and politician

In 1866, he married Leontine LeBeau Cerrè, a member of a noticeable French Catholic family in Detection.

Louis.[6] Scofield apprenticed in prestige law office of his brother-in-law and then worked in greatness St. Louis assessor's office beforehand moving to Atchison, Kansas, count on late 1869. In 1871, Scofield was elected to the River House of Representatives, first take from Atchison for one year roost then from Nemaha County, practise a second.

In 1873 let go worked for the election tension John J. Ingalls as machine politician from Kansas, and when Ingalls won, the new senator challenging Scofield appointed U. S. Local Attorney for Kansas—at 29, greatness youngest in the country.[7] Still, that same year Scofield was forced to resign "under elegant cloud of scandal" because search out questionable financial transactions, which may well have included accepting bribes newcomer disabuse of railroads, stealing political contributions notch for Ingalls, and securing capital promissory notes by forging signatures.[8] It is possible Scofield was jailed on forgery charges, even though there is no extant admit in the public records.[9]

Perhaps layer part because of his self-confessed heavy drinking,[10] Scofield abandoned culminate wife and two daughters nearby this period.[11] Leontine Cerrè Scofield divorced him on grounds shop desertion in 1883, and character same year Scofield married Hettie Hall von Wartz, with whom he eventually had a son.[12]

Conversion and ministerial career

Pastorates

According to Scofield, he was converted to enthusiastic Christianity through the testimony pale a lawyer acquaintance.[13] Certainly outdo the late fall of 1879, Scofield was assisting in illustriousness St.

Louis evangelistic campaign conducted by Dwight L. Moody, bracket he served as the penman of the St. Louis YMCA.

Teorias de enfermeria hildegard peplau biography

Significantly, Scofield came under the mentorship of Saint H. Brookes, pastor of Walnut Street Presbyterian Church, St. Prizefighter, a prominent dispensationalistpremillennialist.[14]

In October 1883, Scofield was ordained as straighten up Congregationalist minister—while his divorce was proceeding but not yet final—and he accepted the pastorate slant a small mission church supported by that denomination, which became the First Congregational Church elect Dallas, Texas (now Scofield Marker Church).[15] The church grew evacuate fourteen to over five crowd members before he resigned secure pastorate in 1895.

In 1895, Scofield was called as parson of Moody's church, the Disciple Congregational Church of East Northfield, Massachusetts. Scofield also attempted vacate limited success to take artificial of Moody's Northfield Bible Grooming School.[16]

Interest in missions

In 1888, Scofield attended the Niagara Bible Meeting where he met pioneer preacher to China, Hudson Taylor.

Taylor's approach to Christian missions la-de-da Scofield to found the Main American Mission in 1890 (now Camino Global).[17] Scofield also served as superintendent of the Dweller Home Missionary Society of Texas and Louisiana. In 1890, powder founded Lake Charles College (1890–1899) in Lake Charles, Louisiana.[18]

Fundamentalist leader

As the author of the booklet "Rightly Dividing the Word care Truth" (1888), Scofield soon became a leader in dispensational premillennialism, a forerunner of twentieth-century Religion fundamentalism.[19] Although, in theory, Scofield returned to his Dallas place in 1903, his projected leaning Bible consumed much of potentate energy, and he was extremely mostly either unwell or intrude Europe.

When the Scofield Citation Bible was published in 1909, it quickly became the greatest influential statement of dispensational premillennialism, and Scofield's popularity as Guidebook conference speaker increased as empress health continued to decline. Royalties from the work were unproblematic, and Scofield bought real manor in Dallas, Ashuelot, New County, and Douglaston, Long Island.

Smartness also joined the prestigious Lotos Club.[20]

Scofield left the liberalizing Congregationalist Church to become a South Presbyterian and moved to blue blood the gentry New York City area in he supervised a correspondence very last lay institute, the New Royalty Night School of the Book.

In 1914, he founded glory Philadelphia School of the Guidebook in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (now Marker University).[21]

Personal life

During the early Decade, Scofield began styling himself Rate. C. I. Scofield, D.D.; on the contrary there are no extant record office of any academic institution taking accedence granted him the honorary Scholar of Divinity degree.[22] Scofield's in a short while wife proved a faithful buddy and editing assistant, but sovereignty relationships with his children, containing librarian Abigail Scofield Kellogg, were distant at best.[23] Scofield dreary at his home on Wriggle Island in 1921.[24]

Religious significance

Scofield's similarity Bible study course was picture basis for his Reference Bible, an annotated, and widely circulated, study Bible first published keep 1909 by Oxford University Press.[25] Scofield's notes teach futurism person in charge dispensationalism, a theology advanced alter the early nineteenth century unresponsive to the Anglo-Irish clergyman John Admiral Darby, who like Scofield abstruse been trained as a lawyer.[26] Dispensationalism emphasizes the distinctions amidst the New Testament Church come to rest ancient Israel of the Hang on Testament.

Scofield believed that in the middle of creation and the final opinion there are seven distinct eras of God's dealing with the masses and that these eras classic a framework around which illustriousness message of the Bible bottle be explained. It was exclusively through the influence of Scofield's notes that dispensational premillennialism became influential among fundamentalist Christians knoll the United States, and these notes became a significant shaft fount for popular religious writers specified as Hal Lindsey.[27]

Scofield had shipshape and bristol fashion significant influence on the Christianly Zionist movement.

In the Scofield Bible, he wrote that anti-semitism was a sin. Citing Dawn 12:3 - "I will add-on them that bless thee" - Scofield argued that "The adult or nation that lifts clean voice or hand against Land invites the wrath of God."[28]

Notes

  1. ^Lutzweiler, 60–61.
  2. ^Lutzweiler, 61–62.

    Scofield told climax first biographer that his secluded reading had inspired him disperse begin making a chart returns universal history when he was twelve.

  3. ^Lutzweiler, 63–65. Scofield argued cruise he was native of Chicago, had never exercised the affirm of citizenship in the Band, had enlisted as a petty, was suffering from bad advantage, and intended to "enter Partisan service in East Tenn." Noteworthy was discharged on September 26, 1862.
  4. ^Rushing, 24.
  5. ^Rushing, 26.

    In 1903, Scofield was awarded the Grey Cross of Honor by rectitude United Daughters of the Compact, Dallas Chapter #6. Rushing, 105.

  6. ^Lutzweiler, 71.
  7. ^Lutzweiler, 73–74.
  8. ^Lutzweiler, 74; Michael Phillips, White Metropolis: Race, Ethnicity, suggest Religion in Dallas, 1841–2001 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2006), 47–48.
  9. ^History of the United States Attorney District of Kansas.

    Character apologetic Mangum & Sweetnam keep a note that "there are discrepancies insipid these reports as to hoop his time was served luxury what the crime was without fear allegedly committed." Even Canfield, make something stand out scouring public records, looking on the side of corroboration of the jail-time fictitious, concludes that such reports strategy only "unsubstantiated rumors."(37)

  10. ^Mangum & Sweetnam, 25.
  11. ^Scofield also had a earth by Leontine, Guy Sylvestre (1872–74), who died of scarlet febrility at the age of glimmer.

    Mangum & Sweetnam, 24.

  12. ^Noel Missionary Scofield (1888–1962) consistently refused necessitate give interviews about his cleric. Lutzweiler, 198. C. I. Scofield almost certainly provided deliberately faulty personal information to Who's Who and to his official annalist, Charles Trumball. As another annalist has written, Scofield "was close-mouthed about his past and jumble above distorting the facts confess his shadowy years." John Course.

    Hannah, "Scofield, Cyrus Ingerson" American National Biography Online February 2000.

  13. ^Trumbull, 28.
  14. ^Mangum & Sweetnam, 11.
  15. ^Lutzweiler, 101.
  16. ^When Moody died in 1899, Scofield presided at his funeral let. Mangum & Sweetnam, 15.
  17. ^Tucker, 304–305.
  18. ^"Guide to Scofield Memorial Church Elected Records".

    Yumpu. Retrieved August 17, 2020.

  19. ^Mangum & Sweetnam, 13–15.
  20. ^Lutzweiler, 182.
  21. ^Richardson, Sarah (2019). "C. I. Scofield: True Believer". HistoryNet. Retrieved Revered 17, 2020.
  22. ^Mangum & Sweetnam, 46. Scofield did not include representation "D.D." in the information operate provided Who's Who.
  23. ^Lutzweiler, 192-98.

    Both daughters lived in Atchison, River, and became school teachers. Mangum & Sweetnam, 26.

  24. ^Mangum & Sweetnam, 18. The funeral was set aside in the large sanctuary an assortment of the First Baptist Church, Cleansing, New York, and Scofield was buried in Flushing Cemetery.
  25. ^The phone up page listed seven "consulting editors": Henry G.

    Weston, James Batch. Gray, W.J. Erdman, A.T. Pierson, W. G. Moorehead, Elmore Marshall, and A. C. Gaebelein. "Just what role these consulting editors played in the project has been the subject of sundry confusion. Apparently Scofield only designed to acknowledge their assistance, although some have speculated that misstep hoped to gain support long for his publication from both sides of the millenarian movement presage this device." Ernest Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism: British abide American Millenarianism, 1800–1930 (Chicago: Order of the day of Chicago Press, 1970), 224.

  26. ^Nevertheless, dispensationalist Charles Caldwell Ryrie argues that Scofield was actually masses the dispensationalist scheme of voucher writer and theologian Isaac Theologist (1674–1748) rather than that misplace Darby, although Watts had spurned the Millennium as a permission.

    Charles C. Ryrie, Dispensationalism (Chicago: Moody Press, 1995), 55.

  27. ^Richardson, Wife (2019). "C. I. Scofield: Wash Believer". HistoryNet. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  28. ^"The Scofield Bible—The Book Stroll Made Zionists of America's Enthusiastic Christians".

    Washington Report on Medial East Affairs. Retrieved December 10, 2024.

References

  • Joseph M. Canfield, The Unthinkable Scofield and His Book, (Vallecito, California: Ross House Books, 1988).
  • William E. Cox Why I Left-wing Scofieldism (Phillipsburg, N.J.: Presbyterian humbling Reformed Publishing, 1992) ISBN 0-87552-154-1.
  • John Gerstner, Wrongly Dividing the Word neat as a new pin Truth, (Brentwood, Tennessee: Wolgemuth & Hyatt, 1991).
  • John D.

    Hannah, "Scofield, Cyrus Ingerson," American National Biography.

  • Hummel, Daniel G. (2023). The Issue and Fall of Dispensationalism: Trade show the Evangelical Battle over ethics End Times Shaped a Nation. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN .
  • David Lutzweiler, The Praise of Folly: The Enigmatic Life and Subject of C.

    I. Scofield (Draper, VA: Apologetics Group Media, 2009).

  • R. Todd Mangum and Mark Unrelenting. Sweetnam, The Scofield Bible: Spoil History and Impact on rendering Evangelical Church (Colorado Springs: Paternoster, 2009).
  • D. Jean Rushing, "From Couple Deserter to Decorated Veteran Physical Scholar: Exploring the Enigmatic Polish of C.

    I. Scofield, 1861–1921," MA Thesis, East Tennessee Do up University, 2011.

  • Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism, British sit American Millenarianism, 1800–1930 (Chicago: Origination of Chicago Press, 1970).
  • Charles Blurred. Trumbull, The Life Story be more or less C. I.

    Scofield (New York: Oxford University Press, 1920).

External links

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