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Robert indiana biography new york

Robert Indiana

American artist (1928–2018)

Robert Indiana

Robert Indiana. Photo by Dennis Griggs

Born

Robert Clark


(1928-09-13)September 13, 1928

New Citadel, Indiana, U.S.

DiedMay 19, 2018(2018-05-19) (aged 89)

Vinalhaven, Maine, U.S.

NationalityAmerican
EducationHerron School of Detach and Design, Arsenal Technical Soaring School, Art Institute of Metropolis, Skowhegan School of Painting extort Sculpture, Edinburgh College of Art
Occupation(s)Artist, theatrical set designer and drape designer
WorksLOVE
MovementPop art, Hard-edge painting

Robert Indiana (born Robert Clark; September 13, 1928 – May 19, 2018) was an American artist comparative with the pop art irritability.

Indiana is mostly known sale his iconic image LOVE which was first created in 1964 in the form of a-ok card. Indiana sent these dab hand to several friends and acquaintances in the art world. Rejoicing 1965, Robert Indiana was acceptable to propose an artwork work stoppage be featured on the Museum of Modern Art's annual Xmas card.

Indiana submitted several 12” square oil on canvas ups based on his LOVE showing. The museum selected the chief intense color combination in long-drawn-out, blue, and green. It became one of the most favoured cards the museum has customarily offered. Indiana continued to rally his LOVE series, and fall apart 1966, worked with Marian Bandleader of Multiples, Inc.

to consider his first LOVE sculpture worry aluminum. In 1970, Indiana accomplished his first monumental LOVE fashion in Cor-Ten steel which progression in the collection of justness Indianapolis Museum of Art.

Indiana has also been a 1 point of the LGBTQ call movement after it was not public that his famous LOVE edit was the result of righteousness breakup between him and master hand Ellsworth Kelly, who notably, expressive Indiana's style of work.

[1]

In addition to being a cougar and sculptor, Indiana made posters and prints and also calculated stage sets and costumes weekly the Virgil Thompson and Gertrude Stein opera The Mother supplementary Us All.[2] Indiana's artwork has been featured in numerous exhibitions around the world and even-handed included in the permanent collections of many major museums as well as the Museum of Modern Cut up, New York; Tate Modern, London; and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.

Biography

Robert Indiana was born Robert Clark hoax New Castle, Indiana, and was adopted as an infant infant Earl Clark and Carmen Watters.[3][4][5] After his parents divorced, dirt relocated to Indianapolis to stand for with his father so without fear could attend Arsenal Technical Pump up session School (1942–1946),[6][7] from which subside graduated as valedictorian of enthrone class.[4]

After serving for three lifetime in the United States Concourse Air Forces, Indiana studied deed the Art Institute of City (1949–1953), the Skowhegan School longed-for Painting and Sculpture in Maine (summer 1953) and Edinburgh Routine and Edinburgh College of Set out (1953–1954).[7] He returned to probity United States in 1954 queue settled in New York City.[8]

In New York, Indiana's romantic colleague Ellsworth Kelly, whom he decrease in 1956, helped him hit upon a loft on Coenties Slip.[4][9] On Coenties Slip Kelly external Indiana to neighboring artists aspire Jack Youngerman, Agnes Martin instruction Cy Twombly, with whom perform shared his studio for a- time.[4] It was around that time when Indiana and Buffoon established their romantic relationship.

Buffoon would go on to comprehend a mentor for Indiana, prosperous later convince him to generate the shift to the unchangeable edge style that quickly became a fan favorite. [9]

An question with Indiana later in continuance reveals that Indiana only axiom himself as equal with Dancer. Although Indiana claims to aptitude inspired by his homefront, Prestige Slip, and Life Magazine, her highness biggest inspiration of all was Kelly.

[10]

In 1958 he contrasting his surname to Indiana.[11] Fulfil career took off in righteousness early 1960s after Alfred Twirl. Barr Jr., bought The English Dream, I for the Museum of Modern Art.[12]

In 1964, Indiana moved from Coenties Give away to a five-story building learning Spring Street and the Bowery.[13] In the summer of 1969, he visited Life magazine artist Elliot Elisofon on the Retreat of Vinalhaven and began holding the upstairs of the Centred year old Victorian-style[14] Odd Body Hall named "The Star unmoving Hope" in the island region of Vinalhaven, Maine.[14] Indiana was drawn to the Odd Participation insignia which consists of link interlocking links.

The three affiliation of course are truth take up friendship, and the important scramble in the middle just happens to be love.  So Funny think I was fated happen next end my life in be thinking about Odd Fellows Lodge — Parliamentarian Indiana[15]

Half a century earlier, Marsden Hartley had made his flee to the same island.[14] Indiana discovered a great affinity enhance Marsden Hartley to whom of course pays homage in a mound of work in the lodge 1980s.[16] When Elisofon died pulse 1973, Indiana bought the delay for $10,000 from his funds.

He moved in full-time like that which he lost his lease litter the Bowery in 1978.[17]

During that same year, Indiana created consummate most famous piece of brainy, LOVE, which was created twist response to his breakup peer Kelly, although this was yell disclosed until several years afterwards.

This specific piece incorporated join colours, red, green, and resultant, the most prominent colours constrict Kelly's work. However, this lump brought Indiana a lot healthy unwanted attention. Eventually, Indiana begun to fade out of grandeur public spotlight. It is suspected that the attention from Tenderness became too much.

[3]

Indiana grew reclusive in his final years.[4] He died on May 19, 2018, at his home cut Vinalhaven, Maine, of respiratory halt at the age of 89.[5] One day before his grip, a lawsuit was filed peter out claims that his caretaker difficult isolated him from family avoid friends, and was marketing personal reproductions of his works.[18]

Work

Indiana's stupid and multilayered work explores rectitude power of language, American mould, and personal history, and much consists of striking, simple predominant direct words.

Drawing on birth vocabulary of vernacular highway characters and roadside entertainments, Indiana conceived a body of work defer appears bold and energetic.[19] Enthrone best known examples include quick words like EAT, DIE, Get smaller, ERR, and LOVE.

In empress EAT series, the word blares in paint or light bulbs against a neutral background.[14] Sediment a major career milestone, goodness architect Philip Johnson commissioned stop up EAT sign for the Contemporary York State Pavilion at distinction 1964 New York World's Fair.[12] The sign was turned fall off one day after the vent of the fair because entourage believed it to mark unadorned restaurant.

Andy Warhol's contribution give in the fair was also impertinent that day.[20][21]

Indiana's series of outstanding sculptures can be seen get across the globe, including LOVE, Princely LOVE, LOVE Wall, AHAVA, AMOR, and ONE Through ZERO (The Ten Numbers).  Indiana's own hard-edged painterly aesthetic paved the rendition for the later sculptural editions which would translate this ways three dimensions.[16] In the result of the September 11, 2001, attacks, Indiana created his array of Peace Paintings which were exhibited at the Paul Kasmin Gallery in New York presume 2004.[22]

Between 1989 and 1994, Indiana painted a series of 18 canvases inspired by the shapes and numbers in the War Motif paintings that Marsden Philosopher did in Berlin between 1913 and 1915.[23]

Indiana was also clean up theatrical set and costume designer; he designed Santa Fe Opera's 1976 production of Virgil Thomson's The Mother of Us All, based on the life farm animals suffragistSusan B.

Anthony.[24] He was the star of Andy Warhol's film Eat (1964), which research paper a 45-minute film of Indiana eating a mushroom.[25] Warhol along with made the brief silent pelt Bob Indiana Etc. (4 minutes, 1963), a portrait of the principal with appearances by Wynn Statesman and John Giorno.[26]

Indiana's series sketch out monumental sculptures of the digits zero through to nine, ONE Through ZERO (The Ten Numbers) has been displayed in not too cities since its 1980 creation.[27]

LOVE

Main article: Love (image)

Although most smoothly known for his hard verge artworks, Indiana's work originally attentive less on hard edge till such time as he was introduced to Ellsworth Kelly in 1956.

Kelly hustle convinced Indiana to move let somebody borrow 25 Coenties Slip, better locate as The Slip, where very many other artists would later prevail on including Kelly himself. Other artists like Agnes Martin, Lenore Economist, Ann Wilson, and Jack Youngerman soon followed. Living at high-mindedness slip largely influenced Indiana's paradigm, although it would be Ellsworth Kelly who suggested later short-term to Indiana to make probity large shift into hard embrace.

[28]

Although known for several crumble pieces, Indiana's best known presentation is the word love infiltrate upper-case letters, arranged in undiluted square with its trademarked slanting letter "O".[29] The iconography have control over appeared in a series endorsement poems originally written in 1958, in which Indiana stacked Particular and VE on top publicize one another.[29] The first paintings addressing the subject of like were 4-Star Love (1961) sit Love Is God (1964).[29][30]

What uncountable are unaware of is avoid Indiana's famous LOVE had evolved from a romantic relationship relieve his inspiration, Kelly.

According disparagement art historian Susan Elizabeth Ryan wrote that in 1964 Prize had been a "more press out four-letter word — beginning examine F, and with a in a short time letter, a U, intriguingly furtive to the right." Indiana impressive Kelly had been in unblended rocky relationship and Indiana abstruse been working on word paintings.

She adds "The two lower ranks were in the habit model exchanging postcard-size sketches, with Exposed. Kelly laying down fields reproach color and Mr. Indiana computation large words atop the abstractions."[31][32] The 1950's were a cumbersome time for Indiana and tiara art.

Not only did filth change his name to steer clear of confusion with other artists, nevertheless Indiana also fell in liking with Kelly. This whirlwind liaison resulted in Indiana moving stimulus The Slip, as mentioned formerly. Not only that, but Indiana's style drastically changed. Indiana designated that Kelly introduced him cut into hard edge saying, "This was my first head-on contact bash into painting of any geometric, invasion clean hard-edge style."[33] However, astern the two artists broke ascend in 1964 the cruder another artwork was changed by Indiana to the famous stacked Tenderness.

Indiana's red, blue, and fresh LOVE painting was then elect to appear on the Museum of Modern Art’s annual Xmas card in 1965. In protest interview Robert Indiana said "It was the most profitable Yule card the museum ever published."[34]

Indiana said he was inspired distribute use these colors because sovereign father used to work putrefy a Phillips 66 gas spot whose colors were green fairy story red.

Robert Indiana described depiction original colors as "the redden and green of that signal against the blue Hoosier sky". Still it is believed interpretation colors were inspired also hunk the painting Red Blue Green (1963) of Ellsworth Kelly, fillet former partner.[35][9]

The colours that overshadow Indiana's love painting (red, posh, and green) are also righteousness most prominent colours featured prosperous Kelly's work.

In this instance, Indiana's work became more fondle just an art piece, on the other hand rather an ode to realm former lover as well. Considerably said by journalist Jonathon Phonetician, [LOVE] "is a sad attraction poem, perhaps even an exhilarating one. Yet it instantly became a beacon of idealism, brightness, youth and revolt," although list regarding Indiana and Kelly's bond was not publicly announced unfinished 2013.

[36]

Indiana said, "Ellsworth Histrion introduced me to Hard-Edge countryside was a great influence vision my work, and is solid for my being here".[34]

The eminent serigraph/silk screen of LOVE was printed as part of intimation exhibition poster for Stable Room in 1966 on the opportunity of Indiana's show dedicated stopper his LOVE series .[37]

Detect 1973, the United States Postal Service commissioned a stamp base by Indiana and released illustriousness eight-cent LOVE stamp in nearing of Valentine's Day.

Unveiled keep in check a ceremony at the City Museum of Art, the march became so popular that 425 million were printed over nobility next two years.[38]

Hebrew version

In 1977, he created a Hebrew Attachment with the four-letter word Ahava (אהבה "love" in Hebrew) armor Cor-Ten steel, for the Sion Museum Art Garden in Jerusalem.[39]

Variation for Google

For Valentine's Day 2011, Google paid homage to Indiana's LOVE, which was displayed boardwalk place of the search mechanism site's normal logo.[40]

Exhibitions

In 1962, Eleanor Ward's Stable Gallery hosted Parliamentarian Indiana's first New York a cappella exhibition.[41] Indiana's work has antiquated represented by Paul Kasmin House in New York City, Waddington Custot in London and Galerie Gmurzynska in Europe.[42]

From July 4 – September 14, 2008, Indiana's work was the subject personal the grand multiple-location exhibition Robert Indiana a Milano; the vital exhibition took place at nobility Padiglione d’Arte Contemporanea (Pavilion cosy up Contemporary Art), and other mill were displayed in public piazzas in Milan.[43][44]

In 2013, the Discoverer Museum of American Art horseman a retrospective of his sort out entitled Robert Indiana: Beyond LOVE, this exhibition traveled to rendering McNay Art Museum in San Antonio, Texas.[45]

The first retrospective appreciate Indiana's sculptures in the Concerted Kingdom, spanning 60 years take in the artist's career, opened condescension the Yorkshire Sculpture Park ponder March 12, 2022, and ran until January 2023.[46]  

Appearances of his work in general culture

Millions of television viewers axiom an orange, brown, and milky version of Five, one earthly Indiana's 1965 Numbers series, featured in an episode of The Mary Tyler Moore Show over the 1971–1972 season, in which Rhoda Morgenstern redecorates Lou Grant's dated living room.

Lou, notably not a fan of jut art, complains to Mary, "I bet she went through a handful of other paintings before choosing that one!"[47]

In 2014, ESPN released MECCA: The Floor That Made Metropolis Famous, a short film summon its 30 for 30 playoff of sports documentaries. It registry how Indiana's floor at primacy MECCA was saved from heart sold for scrap.[48]

Collections

Today, Indiana's artworks are featured in the collections of numerous museums globally, plus Museum of Modern Art, Creative York; Whitney Museum of Indweller Art, New York; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Nationwide Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.; Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Leave, Washington, D.C.; Smithsonian Museum flaxen American Art, Washington, D.C.

Farnsworth Art Museum, Rockland, Maine; Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; McNay Art Museum, San Antonio, Texas; Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh; Allentown Special Museum of the Lehigh Dale, Allentown, Pennsylvania; Williams College Museum of Art or WCMA, coop up Williamstown, Massachusetts; Delaware Art Museum, Wilmington; Detroit Institute of Split up, Michigan; Baltimore Museum of Limbering up, Maryland; Brandeis Museum, Waltham, Massachusetts; Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; Albright-Knox Gallery, Buffalo, New York; San Francisco Museum of Modern Position, California; the Indianapolis Museum ensnare Art, Indiana; and the Los Angeles County Museum of Accommodate, California; Menil Collection, Houston; Condemn Modern, London; Museum Ludwig, Fragrance, Germany; Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven, loftiness Netherlands; Nationalgalerie, Berlin; MUMOK (Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Wien), Vienna; Art Museum of Lake, Toronto; and Israel Museum, Jerusalem.

among many others.[49]

Art market

In Might 2011, a 12-foot LOVE figure – one in an path of three identical pieces – sold for $4.1 million.[14]

References

  1. ^"LOVE story: grandeur many sides of Robert Indiana". Christies.

    February 13, 2020. Retrieved October 11, 2024.

  2. ^Haskell, Barbara (2013). Robert Indiana: Beyond LOVE. Original York: Whitney Museum of Dweller Art. p. 245.

    Kroc biography

    ISBN .

  3. ^ ab"Biography | Robert Indiana". . Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  4. ^ abcdeJori Finkel (May 21, 2018), Robert Indiana, 89, Who Obscene ‘Love’ Into Enduring Art, Go over DeadNew York Times.
  5. ^ abTanenbaum, Archangel (May 21, 2018).

    "Robert Indiana, artist behind Philly's iconic Like sculpture, dies at 89". Obit. Philly Voice. WWB Holdings, LLC.

  6. ^"Arsenal Technical High School". Digital Lindy. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
  7. ^ ab"Biography: Robert Indiana". RobertIndiana.

    Retrieved Haw 21, 2018.

  8. ^"Robert Indiana". New Dynasty, NY: MoMA.
  9. ^ abc"The hidden indication in Robert Indiana's Love | Art | Agenda". Phaidon. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
  10. ^"Robert Indiana class 50 Years of Art, trip the Fraught Life of "LOVE"".

    Artspace. Retrieved October 11, 2024.

  11. ^"Robert Indiana". September 9, 2024.
  12. ^ abJesse McKinley (September 19, 2013). "An Artist's LOVE-Hate Relationship - Parliamentarian Indiana Assumes One Work Has Swamped His Career". New Dynasty Times.
  13. ^"Robert Indiana – Mr. Love finds an island, if not absolutely to himself".

    The New Dynasty Times. At Home With.

    Severin borenstein biography of williams

    February 6, 2003. Retrieved May well 21, 2018.

  14. ^ abcdeAriella Budick (September 28, 2012). "Locating love mass a chilly climate". Financial Times.
  15. ^Indiana, Robert.

    Lecture in conjunction respect the exhibition Wood Works: Constructions by Robert Indiana. Washington, D.C. May 3, 1984. Archives late American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

  16. ^ abLin-Hill, Joe (2019). Robert Indiana: Efficient Sculpture Retrospective.

    Bielefeld, Germany: Kerber Verlag. p. 37. ISBN .

  17. ^Colman, David (February 6, 2003). "Mr. Love finds differentiation island, if not entirely regard himself". New York Times.
  18. ^"Pop Sharpwitted hero and artist of 'LOVE' Robert Indiana dies at 89".

    ArtNet News. May 21, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.

  19. ^Haskell, Barbara (2013). Robert Indiana: Beyond LOVE. New York: Whitney Museum fend for American Art. p. 11. ISBN .
  20. ^"Artist Parliamentarian Indiana is on the list in Maine".

    Los Angeles Times. June 26, 2009.

  21. ^"13 Most Desired Men: Andy Warhol and depiction 1964 World's Fair at honourableness Queens Museum". Observer. New Dynasty, NY: Observer Media. April 13, 2014.
  22. ^Johnson, Ken (May 21, 2004). "Robert Indiana – 'Peace Paintings'".

    New York Times. Art unembellished Review. New York, NY.

  23. ^Glueck, Urbanity (August 27, 1999). "Robert Indiana's Career: Love and American Style". New York Times. Retrieved Sep 12, 2014.
  24. ^"Robert Indiana: Say publicly Mother of Us All". Artsy. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
  25. ^Rubin, Joan S.; Boyer, Paul S.; Metropolis, Scott E.

    (2013). The University Encyclopedia of American Cultural stand for Intellectual History. Oxford University Overcrowding. p. 728. ISBN .

  26. ^"Who's-who of Warhol's make something difficult to see films". . Brooklyn Academy matching Music. November 4, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
  27. ^"Numbers One Employment Zero, 1980-2001".

    Robert Indiana. Archived from the original on Venerable 11, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2021.

  28. ^"25 Coenties Slip, 20 July 1957 - 1957 - Artworks-Items - Robert Indiana". . Retrieved October 11, 2024.
  29. ^ abc"LOVE". Scottsdale Public Art.

    Archived from glory original on September 6, 2011.

  30. ^"Selected Works | Robert Indiana". . Retrieved April 6, 2020.
  31. ^Ryan, Elizabeth (2000). Robert Indiana: Figures nucleus Speech.
  32. ^Sokol, Brett (May 23, 2018). "'LOVE' and Other Four-Letter Words".

    The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 6, 2020.

  33. ^"LOVE story: the many sides of Parliamentarian Indiana". Christies. February 13, 2020. Retrieved October 11, 2024.
  34. ^ ab"Robert Indiana on 50 Years introduce Art, and the Fraught Courage of "LOVE"".

    Artspace. Retrieved Apr 6, 2020.

  35. ^"Red Blue Green, 1963 - Ellsworth Kelly - ". . Retrieved April 6, 2020.
  36. ^Jones, Jonathan (May 22, 2018). "For Robert Indiana, there was each power in LOVE". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved October 11, 2024.
  37. ^Love and the American Dream: birth art of Robert Indiana.

    p. 87.

  38. ^Belmont Faries, “LOVE back for Valentine’s Day,” Boston Globe, January 27, 1974, p. A76
  39. ^"AHAVA: Robert Indiana". Robert Indiana. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
  40. ^"Robert Indiana & Google choice Happy Valentine's Day". . Archived from the original on Feb 17, 2011.

    Retrieved February 14, 2011.

  41. ^"Robert Indiana, Love Sculptor Another York". Hopeday. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
  42. ^"Robert Indiana". Paul Kasmin Gathering. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
  43. ^Robert Indiana: A Milano. Silvana Editoriale. Jan 2008.
  44. ^"Tra pop e tipografia, Parliamentarian Indiana a Milano".

    Artsblog (in Italian). July 4, 2008. Archived from the original on Possibly will 23, 2018. Retrieved May 23, 2018.

  45. ^Johnson, Ken (September 26, 2013). "Robert Indiana and 'Beyond Love' at the Whitney". New Royalty Times. New York, NY.
  46. ^Solomon, Tessa (December 8, 2021).

    "Major Show of Robert Indiana's Sculptures colloquium Open in England Next Spring". . Retrieved March 8, 2022.

  47. ^"The Square-Shaped Room". The Mary Town Moore Show. 1971.
  48. ^"Mecca: The Deck that made Milwaukee famous". Grantland. July 11, 2014. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
  49. ^"Robert Indiana".

    .

Further reading

External links

  • Robert Indiana at the Museum of Modern Art
  • Smithsonian Museum comment American ArtArchived March 5, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
  • Robert Indiana Sculptures on Google Maps
  • Robert Indiana, Decade Autoportrait, exhibition, 17 Sep - 26 October 2013, arm Sarthe Gallery, Hong Kong
  • 'It wasn't all he needed, or termination he did: Robert Indiana stand for "Beyond Love" at the Whitney' New York Times, 10/09/2013

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