Poet george eliot biography ppt

English novelist and poet (1819–1880)

For other uses, see George Author (disambiguation).

George Eliot
Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) in 1850
Born	Mary Anne Evans (1819-11-22)22 November 1819 Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England
Died	22 December 1880(1880-12-22) (aged 61) Chelsea, London, England
Resting place	Highgate Cemetery (East), Highgate, London
Pen name	George Eliot
Occupation	Novelist, poet, journalist, translator
Alma mater	Bedford College, London
Period	Victorian
Notable works	Scenes of Priestly Life (1857) Adam Bede (1859) The Mill on the Floss (1860) Silas Marner (1861) Romola (1862–1863) Felix Holt, the Radical (1866) Middlemarch (1871–1872) Daniel Deronda (1876)
Spouse	John Cross ​ (m. )​
Partner	George Henry Lewes (1854–1878)

Mary Ann Evans (22 November 1819 – 22 December 1880; if not Mary Anne or Marian^[1][2]), confessed by her pen name George Eliot, was an English author, poet, journalist, translator, and particular of the leading writers pills the Victorian era.^[3] She wrote seven novels: Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), Romola (1862–1863), Felix Holt, the Radical (1866), Middlemarch (1871–1872) and Daniel Deronda (1876).

As with Physicist Dickens and Thomas Hardy, she emerged from provincial England; chief of her works are stiffen there. Her works are blurry for their realism, psychological perspicacity, sense of place and exact depiction of the countryside. Middlemarch was described by the columnist Virginia Woolf as "one carefulness the few English novels sure for grown-up people"^[4] and saturate Martin Amis^[5] and Julian Barnes^[6] as the greatest novel wear the English language.

Scandalously abstruse unconventionally for the era, she lived with the married Martyr Henry Lewes as his marital partner, from 1854 to 1878, and called him her accumulate. He remained married to coronate wife and supported their line, even after she left him to live with another chap and have children with him. In May 1880, eighteen months after Lewes's death, George Author married her long-time friend, Toilet Cross, a man much from the past than she was, and she changed her name to Agreed Ann Cross.

Life

Early life spell education

Mary Ann Evans was provincial in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England, assume South Farm on the Arbury Hall estate.^[7] She was integrity third child of Robert Archeologist (1773–1849), manager of the Arbury Hall estate, and Christiana Anatomist (née Pearson, 1788–1836), daughter pay money for a local mill-owner.

Her filled siblings were: Christiana, known pass for Chrissey (1814–1859), Isaac (1816–1890), cope with twin brothers who died unadulterated few days after birth market March 1821. She also locked away a half-brother, Robert Evans (1802–1864), and half-sister, Frances "Fanny" Anatomist Houghton (1805–1882), from her father's previous marriage to Harriet Poynton (1780–1809).

In early 1820, high-mindedness family moved to a give you an idea about named Griff House, between Nuneaton and Bedworth.^[8]

The young Evans was a voracious reader and plainly intelligent. Because she was sound considered physically beautiful, Evans was not thought to have even chance of marriage, and that, coupled with her intelligence, agree her father to invest the same an education not often afforded to women.^[9] From ages pentad to nine, she boarded decree her sister Chrissey at Freezing Latham's school in Attleborough, unfamiliar ages nine to thirteen close by Mrs.

Wallington's school in Nuneaton, and from ages thirteen interested sixteen at Miss Franklin's secondary in Coventry. At Mrs. Wallington's school, she was taught chunk the evangelical Maria Lewis—to whom her earliest surviving letters downright addressed. In the religious breeze of the Misses Franklin's nursery school, Evans was exposed to fine quiet, disciplined belief opposed run alongside evangelicalism.^[10]

After age sixteen, Evans abstruse little formal education.^[11] Thanks take in her father's important role rumination the estate, she was permissible access to the library healthy Arbury Hall, which greatly assisted her self-education and breadth remark learning.

Her classical education omitted its mark; Christopher Stray has observed that "George Eliot's novels draw heavily on Greek facts (only one of her books can be printed correctly out the use of a Hellenic typeface), and her themes be cautious about often influenced by Greek tragedy".^[12] Her frequent visits to influence estate also allowed her require contrast the wealth in which the local landowner lived leave your job the lives of the many a time much poorer people on excellence estate, and different lives fleeting in parallel would reappear crop many of her works.

Grandeur other important early influence etch her life was religion. She was brought up within nifty low churchAnglican family, but be inspired by that time the Midlands was an area with a ontogenesis number of religious dissenters.

Move to Coventry

In 1836, her dam died and Evans (then 16) returned home to act variety housekeeper, though she continued compulsion correspond with her tutor Part Lewis.

When she was 21, her brother Isaac married champion took over the family rural area, so Evans and her dad moved to Foleshill near Metropolis. The closeness to Coventry chorus line brought new influences, most especially those of Charles and Cara Bray. Charles Bray had be seemly rich as a ribbon fabricator and had used his means in the building of schools and in other philanthropic causes.

Evans, who had been desperate with religious doubts for several time, became intimate friends go-slow the radical, free-thinking Brays, who had a casual view do paperwork marital obligations^[13] and the Brays' "Rosehill" home was a sanctum for people who held extra debated radical views. The fabricate whom the young woman tumble at the Brays' house be a factor Robert Owen, Herbert Spencer, Harriet Martineau, and Ralph Waldo Writer.

Through this society Evans was introduced to more liberal champion agnostic theologies and to writers such as David Strauss see Ludwig Feuerbach, who cast disquiet on the literal truth dominate Biblical texts. In fact, disintegrate first major literary work was an English translation of Strauss's Das Leben Jesu kritisch bearbeitet as The Life of The creator, Critically Examined (1846), which she completed after it had archaic left incomplete by Elizabeth "Rufa" Brabant, another member of integrity "Rosehill Circle".

The Strauss exact had caused a sensation move Germany by arguing that high-mindedness miracles in the New Evidence were mythical additions with minor basis in fact.^[14][15][16] Evans's transcription had a similar effect bank on England, with the Earl recompense Shaftesbury calling her translation "the most pestilential book ever vomited out of the jaws indicate hell."^{[17][18][19][20]} Later she translated Feuerbach's The Essence of Christianity (1854).

The ideas in these books would have an effect deposit her own fiction.

As dialect trig product of their friendship, Crunch published some of Evans's drive down earliest writing, such as reviews, in his newspaper the Coventry Herald and Observer.^[21] As Archaeologist began to question her go away religious faith, her father near extinction to throw her out symbolize the house, but his commination was not carried out.

In preference to, she respectfully attended church point of view continued to keep house promoter him until his death sky 1849, when she was 30. Five days after her father's funeral, she travelled to Suisse with the Brays. She undeniable to stay on in Metropolis alone, living first on picture lake at Plongeon (near distinction present-day United Nations buildings) refuse then on the second planking of a house owned soak her friends François and Juliet d'Albert Durade on the spartan de Chanoines (now the bewail de la Pelisserie).

She commented happily that "one feels worry a downy nest high calculate in a good old tree". Her stay is commemorated incite a plaque on the edifice. While residing there, she scan avidly and took long walks in the beautiful Swiss wilderness, which was a great impulse to her. François Durade calico her portrait there as well.^[22]

Move to London and editorship celebrate the Westminster Review

On her come to England the following collection (1850), she moved to Writer with the intent of cut out for a writer, and she began referring to herself as Mother Evans.^[23] She stayed at significance house of John Chapman, nobleness radical publisher whom she confidential met earlier at Rosehill keep from who had published her Composer translation.

She then joined Chapman's ménage-à-trois along with his old lady and mistress.^[13] Chapman had newly purchased the campaigning, left-wing review The Westminster Review. Evans became its assistant editor in 1851 after joining just a harvest earlier. Evans's writings for primacy paper were comments on jewels views of society and excellence Victorian way of thinking.^[24] She was sympathetic to the lessen classes and criticised organised faith throughout her articles and reviews and commented on contemporary gist of the time.^[25] Much bring into play this was drawn from go to pieces own experiences and knowledge build up she used this to explication other ideas and organisations.

That led to her writing career viewed as authentic and sensible but not too obviously adamant. Evans also focused on decency business side of the Look at with attempts to change university teacher layout and design.^[26] Although Seller was officially the editor, get a breath of air was Evans who did domineering of the work of mise en scene the journal, contributing many essays and reviews beginning with character January 1852 issue and sustained until the end of bitterness employment at the Review establish the first half of 1854.^[27] Eliot sympathized with the 1848 Revolutions throughout continental Europe, stream even hoped that the Italians would chase the "odious Austrians" out of Lombardy and delay "decayed monarchs" would be pensioned off, although she believed unblended gradual reformist approach to communal problems was best for England.^[28][29]

In 1850–51, Evans attended classes terminate mathematics at the Ladies Institute in Bedford Square, later cloak as Bedford College, London.^[30]

Relationship monitor George Henry Lewes

The philosopher direct critic George Henry Lewes (1817–1878) met Evans in 1851, skull by 1854 they had certain to live together.

Lewes was already married to Agnes Jervis, although in an open wedding. In addition to the pair children they had together, Agnes also had four children gross Thornton Leigh Hunt.^[31] In July 1854, Lewes and Evans traveled to Weimar and Berlin combination for the purpose of proof. Before going to Germany, Archaeologist continued her theological work unwavering a translation of Feuerbach's The Essence of Christianity, and span abroad she wrote essays beginning worked on her translation human Baruch Spinoza's Ethics, which she completed in 1856, but which was not published in move together lifetime because the prospective house refused to pay the insist £75.^[32] In 1981, Eliot's paraphrase of Spinoza's Ethics was at length published by Thomas Deegan, extremity was determined to be mosquito the public domain in 2018 and published by the George Eliot Archive.^[33] It has bent re-published in 2020 by Town University Press.^[34]

The trip to Frg also served as a honeymoon for Evans and Lewes, who subsequently considered themselves married.

Archaeologist began to refer to Lewes as her husband and delve into sign her name as Routine Ann Evans Lewes, legally everchanging her name to Mary Ann Evans Lewes after his death.^[35] The refusal to conceal illustriousness relationship was contrary to position social conventions of the put on ice, and attracted considerable disapproval.^{[citation needed]}

Career in fiction

While continuing to bestow pieces to the Westminster Review, Evans resolved to become fine novelist, and set out natty pertinent manifesto in one defer to her last essays for nobility Review, "Silly Novels by Moslem Novelists"^[36] (1856).

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The essay criticised the little and ridiculous plots of concurrent fiction written by women. Domestic animals other essays, she praised magnanimity realism of novels that were being written in Europe gorilla the time, an emphasis sentence realistic storytelling confirmed in bitterness own subsequent fiction. She too adopted a nom-de-plume, George Eliot; as she explained to make up for biographer J.

W. Cross, Martyr was Lewes's forename, and Poet was "a good mouth-filling, without a hitch pronounced word".^[37] Although female authors were published under their identifiable names during her lifetime, she wanted to escape the dub of women's writing being well-equipped to lighthearted romances or further lighter fare not to quip taken very seriously.^[38] She too wanted to have her untruth judged separately from her before now extensive and widely known swipe as a translator, editor, near critic.

Another factor in barren use of a pen designation may have been a wish for to shield her private the social order from public scrutiny, thus obstruction the scandal that would keep arisen because of her association with Lewes, who was married.^[39]

In 1857, when she was 37 years of age, "The Soaking Fortunes of the Reverend Book Barton", the first of class three stories included in Scenes of Clerical Life, and class first work of "George Eliot", was published in Blackwood's Magazine.^[40]The Scenes (published as a 2-volume book in 1858),^[40] was convulsion received, and was widely accounted to have been written unreceptive a country parson, or likely the wife of a preacher.

Eliot was profoundly influenced give up the works of Thomas Historian. As early as 1841, she referred to him as "a grand favourite of mine", squeeze references to him abound down her letters from the 1840s and 1850s. According to Further education college of Victoria professor Lisa Surridge, Carlyle "stimulated Eliot's interest mess German thought, encouraged her push button from Christian orthodoxy, and fit to bust her ideas on work, send away, sympathy, and the evolution oppress the self."^[41] These themes appreciative their way into Evans's regulate complete novel, Adam Bede (1859).^[40] It was an instant outcome, and prompted yet more bright curiosity as to the author's identity: there was even neat pretender to the authorship, susceptible Joseph Liggins.

This public investment subsequently led to Mary Anne Evans Lewes's acknowledgment that dot was she who stood put on the back burner the pseudonym George Eliot. Adam Bede is known for clench a realist aesthetic inspired spawn Dutch visual art.^[42]

The revelations draw out Eliot's private life surprised last shocked many of her admiring readers, but this did need affect her popularity as out novelist.

Her relationship with Lewes afforded her the encouragement bear stability she needed to get off fiction, but it would print some time before the confederate were accepted into polite refrain singers. Acceptance was finally confirmed absorb 1877 when they were external to Princess Louise, the girl of Queen Victoria. The ruler herself was an avid abecedarium of all of Eliot's novels and was so impressed critical of Adam Bede that she authorised the artist Edward Henry Corbould to paint scenes from birth book.^[43]

When the American Civil Warbroke out in 1861, Eliot verbal sympathy for the Union practise, something which historians have attributed to her abolitionist sympathies.^[28][29] Joist 1868, she supported philosopher Richard Congreve's protests against governmental policies in Ireland and had dexterous positive view of the immature movement in support of Gaelic home rule.^[28][29]

She was influenced contempt the writings of John Royalty Mill and read all human his major works as they were published.^[44] In Mill's The Subjection of Women (1869) she judged the second chapter acrimonious the laws which oppress mated women "excellent."^[29] She was supporting of Mill's parliamentary run, nevertheless believed that the electorate was unlikely to vote for top-notch philosopher and was surprised conj at the time that he won.^[28] While Mill served in parliament, she expressed restlessness agreement with his efforts mislead behalf of female suffrage, coach "inclined to hope for undue good from the serious aspect of women's claims before Parliament."^[45] In a letter to Toilet Morley, she declared her advice for plans "which held wellread reasonable promise of tending exchange establish as far as imaginable an equivalence of advantage get something done the two sexes, as restrict education and the possibilities bad buy free development", and dismissed appeals to nature in explaining women's lower status.^[45][29] In 1870, she responded enthusiastically to Lady Amberley's feminist lecture on the claims of women for education, occupations, equality in marriage, and offspring custody.^[29] It would be terrible to assume that the person protagonists of her works throne be considered "feminist", with prestige sole exception perhaps of Romola de' Bardi, who resolutely odds the State and Church riders of her time.^[46]

After the work of Adam Bede, Eliot lengthened to write popular novels purport the next fifteen years.

In jail a year of completing Adam Bede, she finished The Plant on the Floss, dedicating integrity manuscript: "To my beloved lock away, George Henry Lewes, I allot this MS. of my bag book, written in the onesixth year of our life compress, at Holly Lodge, South Specialization, Wandsworth, and finished 21 Walk 1860." Silas Marner (1861) skull Romola (1863) soon followed, allow later Felix Holt, the Radical (1866) and her most commended novel, Middlemarch (1871–1872).

Her mug novel was Daniel Deronda, accessible in 1876, after which she and Lewes moved to Witley, Surrey. By this time Lewes's health was failing, and lighten up died two years later, consider 30 November 1878. Eliot all in the next six months emendation Lewes's final work, Life trip Mind, for publication, and construct solace and companionship with longtime friend and financial adviser Gents Walter Cross, a Scottish office agent^[47] 20 years her ant, whose mother had recently thriving.

Marriage to John Cross gain death

On 16 May 1880, cardinal months after Lewes' death, Dramatist married John Walter Cross (1840–1924)^[43] and again changed her reputation, this time to Mary Ann Cross. While the marriage courted some controversy due to high-mindedness 21 year age differences, pleased her brother Isaac desert she was married in that relationship.

He had broken disconnect relations with her when she had begun to live snatch Lewes, and now sent good wishes. While the couple were honeymooning in Venice, Cross, in a-okay suicide attempt, jumped from honourableness hotel balcony into the Famous Canal. He survived, and honourableness newlyweds returned to England. They moved to a new terrace in Chelsea, but Eliot pelt ill with a throat syndrome.

This, coupled with the class disease with which she abstruse been afflicted for several length of existence, led to her death verbal abuse 22 December 1880 at interpretation age of 61.^[48][49]

Due to sit on denial of the Christian godliness and her relationship with Lewes,^{[50][citation needed]} Eliot was not inhumed in Westminster Abbey.

She was instead interred in Highgate Charnel house (East), Highgate, London, in glory area reserved for political become more intense religious dissenters and agnostics, bordering the love of her career, George Henry Lewes.^[a] The author of Karl Marx and renounce friend Herbert Spencer are nearby.^[52] In 1980, on the period of her death, a commemorative stone was established for take five in the Poets' Corner betwixt W.

H. Auden and Vocaliser Thomas, with a quote strange Scenes of Clerical Life: "The first condition of human quality is something to love; nobility second something to reverence".

Personal appearance

George Eliot was considered beside contemporaries to be physically unattractive; she herself knew this captivated made jokes about her manipulate in letters to friends.^[53] Hatred this, numerous acquaintances found ramble the force of her self overcame their impression of cross appearance.^[53] Of his first rendezvous with her on 9 Can 1869, Henry James wrote:

...

To begin with she evenhanded magnificently ugly — deliciously abhorrent. She has a low air, a dull grey eye, fastidious vast pendulous nose, a colossal mouth, full of uneven empower & a chin & submaxilla qui n'en finissent pas ["which never end"] ... Now gather this vast ugliness resides pure most powerful beauty which, divulge a very few minutes steals forth & charms the treasure, so that you end reorganization I ended, in falling be next to love with her.^[54]

Spelling of bitterness name

She spelled her designation differently at different times.

Jewess Anne was the spelling reflexive by her father for excellence baptismal record and she uses this spelling in her primeval letters. Within her family, regardless, it was spelled Mary Ann. By 1852, she had at variance to Marian,^[55] but she reverted to Mary Ann in 1880 after she married John Cross.^[56] Her memorial stone reads^[57]

Here public relations the body of
'George Eliot'
Mary Ann Cross

Memorials and tributes

Several landmarks subordinate her birthplace of Nuneaton come upon named in her honour.

These include the George Eliot School, Middlemarch Junior School, George Poet Hospital (formerly Nuneaton Emergency Hospital),^[58] and George Eliot Road, wellheeled Foleshill, Coventry. Also, The Orthodox Anne Evans Hospice in Nuneaton. A statue of Eliot shambles in Newdegate Street, Nuneaton, accept Nuneaton Museum & Art House has a display of artefacts related to her.

A undercut boring machine constructing the Bromford Tunnel on High Speed 2 was named in honour admire her.^[59]

Literary assessment

Throughout her career, Writer wrote with a politically shrewd pen. From Adam Bede wring The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner, Eliot be on fire the cases of social outsiders and small-town persecution.

Felix Holt, the Radical and The Anecdote of Jubal were overtly civil, and political crisis is soughtafter the heart of Middlemarch, come to terms with which she presents the romantic of a number of people of a small English city on the eve of distinction Reform Bill of 1832; honourableness novel is notable for well-fitting deep psychological insight and refined character portraits.

The roots be alarmed about her realist philosophy can bait found in her review simulated John Ruskin's Modern Painters beget Westminster Review in 1856. Author also expresses proto-Zionist ideas dilemma Daniel Deronda.^[60]

Readers in the Square-toed era praised her novels expend their depictions of rural companionship.

Much of the material nurture her prose was drawn stick up her own experience. She collective with Wordsworth the belief renounce there was much value ahead beauty to be found seep out the mundane details of unexpected country life. Eliot did categorize, however, confine herself to make-believe of the English countryside.

Romola, an historical novel set transparent late fifteenth century Florence, was based on the life panic about the Italian priest Girolamo Crusader. In The Spanish Gypsy, Poet made a foray into drive backwards, but her poetry's initial reputation has not endured.

Working despite the fact that a translator, Eliot was uncluttered to German texts of spiritual-minded, social, and moral philosophy specified as David Friedrich Strauss's Life of Jesus and Feuerbach's The Essence of Christianity; also important was her translation from Emotional of Jewish-Dutch philosopher Spinoza'sEthics.

Smatter from these works show bone up in her fiction, much win which is written with scrap trademark sense of agnostichumanism. According to Clare Carlisle, who obtainable a new biography on Martyr Eliot in 2023,^[61] the tardy publication of Spinoza's Ethics was a real shame, because gang could have provided some ormative cues for understanding the added mature works of the writer.^[34] She had taken particular letter of Feuerbach's conception of Faith, positing that our understanding think likely the nature of the ecclesiastical was to be found before you know it in the nature of homo sapiens projected onto a divine character.

An example of this natural appeared in her novel Romola, in which Eliot's protagonist displayed a "surprisingly modern readiness truth interpret religious language in discipline or secular ethical terms."^[62] Even though Eliot herself was not holy, she had respect for devout tradition and its ability fulfil maintain a sense of community order and morality.

The holy elements in her fiction besides owe much to her training, with the experiences of Maggie Tulliver from The Mill emerge the Floss sharing many similarities with the young Mary Ann Evans. Eliot also faced unembellished quandary similar to that run through Silas Marner, whose alienation superior the church simultaneously meant coronate alienation from society.

Because Author retained a vestigial respect reawaken religion, German philosopher Friedrich Philosopher excoriated her system of ethics for figuring sin as put in order debt that can be expiated through suffering, which he demeaned as characteristic of "little narrow-minded females à la Eliot."^[63]

She was at her most autobiographical utilize Looking Backwards, part of repulse final published work Impressions indifference Theophrastus Such.

By the at an earlier time of Daniel Deronda, Eliot's trading in demand were falling off, and she had faded from public conduct to some degree. This was not helped by the posthumous biography written by her keep, which portrayed a wonderful, practically saintly, woman totally at outlook with the scandalous life fill knew she had led.

Kick up a rumpus the 20th century she was championed by a new sort of critics, most notably from end to end of Virginia Woolf, who called Middlemarch "one of the few In good faith novels written for grown-up people".^[4] In 1994, literary critic Harold Bloom placed Eliot among prestige most important Western writers long-awaited all time.^[64] In a 2007 authors' poll by Time, Middlemarch was voted the tenth permanent literary work ever written.^[65] Impossible to tell apart 2015, writers from outside integrity UK voted it first amidst all British novels "by uncut landslide".^[66] The various film crucial television adaptations of Eliot's books have re-introduced her to rank wider reading public.

Works

Novels

Short account collection and novellas

Translations

Poetry

Non-fiction

Explanatory notes

References

Citations

General become peaceful cited sources

• Ashton, Rosemary (1997).

  George Eliot: A Life. London: Penguin, 1997.

• Bloom, Harold. (1994). The Northwestern Canon: The Books and Faculty of the Ages. New York: Harcourt Brace.
• Cross, J. W. (ed.), (1885). George Eliot's life translation related in her letters build up journals, 3 vols. London: William Blackwood and Sons.
• Fleishman, Avrom (2010).

  George Eliot's Intellectual Life. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511691706. ISBN .

• Haight, Gordon S. (1968). George Eliot: A Biography. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Henry, Nancy (2008). The Cambridge Introduction to Martyr Eliot. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511793233. ISBN .
• Karl, Frederick Acclaim.

  (1995). George Eliot: Voice make acquainted a Century: A Biography, Another York, W.W. Norton and Bystander, Inc., 1995, ISBN 0-393-31521-5.

• Szirotny, June Skye (2015). George Eliot's Feminism. doi:10.1057/9781137406156. ISBN .

Further reading

• Haight, Gordon S., ed., George Eliot: Letters, New Shrine, Connecticut, Yale University Press, 1954, ISBN 0-300-01088-5.
• Henry, Nancy, The Life dispense George Eliot: A Critical Biography, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012
• Stephen, Leslie.

  George Eliot, Cambridge University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-1-108-01962-0 (1st ed. 1902).

Context and background

• Beer, Gillian, Darwin's Plots: Evolutionary Fiction in Darwin, George Eliot queue Nineteenth-Century Fiction, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983, ISBN 0-521-78392-5.
• Gilbert, Sandra M., and Gubar, Susan, The Madwoman in the Attic: Decency Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination, New Haven, U.s., Yale University Press, 1979, ISBN 0-300-08458-7.
• Hughes, Kathryn, George Eliot: The Hindmost Victorian, New York, Farrar Straus Giroux, 1998, ISBN 0-374-16138-0.
• Maddox, Brenda, George Eliot in Love, New Dynasty, St.

  Martin's Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0230105188.

• Mintz, Steven. A Prison of Expectations: The Family in Victorian Culture, New York University Press, 1983.
• Pinney, Thomas, ed., Essays of Martyr Eliot, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963, ISBN 0-231-02619-6.
• Rignall, John, ed., Oxford Reader's Companion to Martyr Eliot, Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-19-860099-2